Blood Vessels & Tissue Fluid Revision

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  • Created by: ElishaG
  • Created on: 05-04-17 17:16
What is the organisation of blood vessels to and from the heart?
1)Artery.2)Arteriole.3)Capillary.4)Venule.5)Vein.
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What do arteries do?
Carry blood away from the heart- each heartbeat sends a high pressure pulse of blood through arteries.
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What causes the high pressure?
Ventricular systole.
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What are the four components of the cross section of an artery?What do they consist of?LEARN TO DRAW
1)Tunica Externa- collagen for strength.2)Tunica Media- smooth muscle for strength and elastic fibres for stretch and recoil.3)Tunica Interna- Enothelium.4)Lumen
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What are arterioles?
Smaller versions of the arteries, blood at lower pressure due to friction.
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What is caused when smooth muscle contracts?
Vasoconstriction.
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What is caused when the smooth muscle contracts?
Vasodilation.
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What do veins do?
Carry blood towards the heat at low pressure. Blood pressure is lower due to friction and it's further away from the heart.
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Why do veins have a thin muscle layer?
Because a thick wall isn't needed as the pressure is low.
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What 2 features help veins lift blood against gravity?
1)Muscles in leg contract and squeeze veins and increases pressure of blood.2)Semi-lunar valves in veins prevent backflow.
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LEARN DRAWING OF VEIN CROSS-SECTION.
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Summarise the structure of arteries.
1)No valves.2)Folded endothelium.3)Thicker collagen.4)Thicker muscle.5)Thicker tunica media.
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Summarise the structure of veins.
1)Semi-lunar valves.2)Endothelium not folded.3)Thinner collagen.4)Thinner muscle.5)Thinner tunica media.
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What is the function of capillaries?Why is it essential?
1)To form tissue fluid.2)Essential - allows cells to exchange substances.
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How thick is the cell wall of a capillary and why.
1)1 endothelial cell thick (2 micrometers).2)Means there is a short diffusion distance.
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What features make capillaries efficient for gas exhange?
1)Vast amount- increased surface area.2)Small lumen diameter- more time for gas exchange to occur.
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LEARN DRAWING FOR CAPILLARY CROSS-SECTION.
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What are the labels for a capillary ? How do they aid the function of a capillary?
1)Pores-molecules pass through to form tissue fluid.2)Lumen- 1 Red Blood Cell thick.3)1 squamous endothelial cell thick- short pathway.
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What are the 3 main things that "whole blood" is composed of?
1)Plasma.2)Red blood cells.3)White blood cells.
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Explain how tissue fluid is made.
1)High pressure blood goes from arterioles to capillaries,2)High hydrostatic pressure forces small molecules our of capillary via pores, such as water,glucose,oxygen,amino acids and carbon dioxide- these things form the tissue fluid.
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Some things are too big to be squeezed out of the capillary pores, what are they?
1)large proteins.2)Red Blood Cells.
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How do most of the small molecules return from tissue fluid to the capillary?
By osmosis and diffusion.
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Compare the hydrostatic pressure at the arteriole end and the venule end.
1)Ateriole- High hydrostatic pressure- due to ventricular systole.2)Venule- Lower hydrostatic pressure.
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Compare the water potential at the arteriole end and the venule end.
1)Arteriole- High water potential. 2)Venule- Low water potential.
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Compare the speed of flow at the arteriole end and the venule end.
1)Arteriole- Faster speed of flow.2)Venule-Slower speed- allows more time for exchange.
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What drains any excess tissue fluid?
The lymph system/ lymphatic capillary.
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Explain what happens to excess tissue fluid.
1)Lymph system composed of network of lymph vessels "blind ending" tubes.2)Excess tissue fluid drains to lymph vessels by pressure and is pumped through valves.3)Reunited with blood vessels at subclavian.
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What can excess tissue fluid cause?
Bloating.
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Why don't people with anorexia bloat?
1)Because their muscles break down to provide protein.2)After muscles break down, the person will bloat.
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LOOK AT GRAPHS IN BOOKLET.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What do arteries do?

Back

Carry blood away from the heart- each heartbeat sends a high pressure pulse of blood through arteries.

Card 3

Front

What causes the high pressure?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What are the four components of the cross section of an artery?What do they consist of?LEARN TO DRAW

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What are arterioles?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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