Blood, tissue fluid and lymph

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  • Created by: Steff06
  • Created on: 22-05-16 10:07
Where is blood held?
In the heart and blood vessels.
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What does tissue fluid do?
Bathes the cells of individual tissues.
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Where is lymph held?
Within the lymphatic system.
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What does plasma contain? (8)
Many dissolved substances including oxygen, carbon dioxide, salts, glucose, fatty acids, amino acids, hormones, plasma proteins.
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What cells does it include?
Red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leucocytes) and platelets.
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What does tissue fluid not contain?
Doesn't contain most of the cells found in blood and doesn't contain plasma proteins.
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What is the role of tissue fluid?
To transport oxygen and nutrients from the blood to the cells and to carry carbon dioxide and other wastes back to the blood.
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How is blood flowing into an organ or tissue contained?
Contained in capillaries.
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Where is the blood under high pressure in the capillary?
At the arterial end of the capillary due to the contraction of the heart muscle.
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What is this pressure known as?
Hydrostatic pressure.
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What will this pressure cause?
Pushes the blood out of the capillaries where the fluid can leave through the tiny gaps in the capillary walls.
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What does the fluid that leaves the blood consist of?
Plasma with dissolved nutrients and oxygen.
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What remains in the blood?
All the red blood cells, platelets and most of the white blood cells, plasma proteins.
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Why do these remain in the blood?
They are too large to be pushed out through the gaps.
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What is the fluid that leaves the capillary known as?
Tissue fluid.
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What does this fluid surround and what does it allow?
Surrounds the body cells, so allows exchange of gases and nutrients across the cell surface membranes.
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How does this exchange occur?
Either by diffusion or facilitated diffusion.
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What enters the cells and what leaves the cells?
Oxygen and nutrients enter the cells, carbon dioxide and other wastes leave the cells.
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What do both the blood and tissue fluid contain?
Both contain solutes.
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What effect do the solutes have?
Give blood and tissue fluid a negative water potential.
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Is the blood or tissue fluid less negative?
The water potential of the tissue fluid is less negative that the blood.
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What does this difference in water potential mean?
Water tends to move back into the blood from the tissue fluid by osmosis down the water potential gradient.
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What is the net outflow?
1.2 KPa
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What is the net inflow?
-1.5 KPa
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What happens at the venous (vein) end of the capillary?
The blood has lost its hydrostatic pressure.
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What helps to move fluid back into the capillary?
The combined effect of the hydrostatic pressure in the tissue fluid and the osmotic force of the plasma proteins.
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What does the fluid moving back into the capillary contain?
Carries any dissolved waste substances e.g. carbon dioxide that have left the cells.
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Where does the rest of the tissue fluid go?
Some is drained away into the lymphatic system.
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What does the lymphatic system consist of?
A number of vessels that are similar to capillaries.
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Where do they start and end?
Start in the tissues and drain the excess fluid into larger vessels, which eventually rejoin the blood system in the chest cavity.
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What will there be less of in the lymph fluid compared to tissue fluid?
Less oxygen and fewer nutrients as they have been absorbed by the body cells.
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What will there be more of in the lymph fluid?
More carbon dioxide and wastes that were released from body cells. More fatty material that has been absorbed from the intestine.
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What is the main difference between the tissue fluid and lymph?
The lymph contains many lymphocytes.
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Where are lymphocytes produced?
In the lymph nodes.
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What are the lymph nodes?
Swellings found at intervals along the lymphatic system.
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What do the lymph nodes do?
Filter any bacteria and foreign material from the lymph fluid.
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What can then happen?
The phagocytes can engulf and destroy the bacteria and foreign particles.
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Describe what cells, proteins and fats are in the blood.
C = Erythrocytes, leucocytes, platelets. P = Hormones, plasma proteins. F = Lipoproteins.
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Describe what cells, proteins and fats are in the tissue fluid.
C = Phagocytic white blood cells. P = Hormones, proteins. F = None
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State what cells, proteins and fats are in the lymph.
C = Lymphocytes. P = Some. F = More than in blood.
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Which transport medium has most glucose?
Blood has the most glucose, tissue fluid and lymph have less.
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Which transport medium has the most amino acids and oxygen?
Blood has the most amino acids and oxygen. Tissue fluid and lymph have less.
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Which transport medium has the most carbon dioxide?
Tissue fluid and lymph have more carbon dioxide than the blood which has little carbon dioxide.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What does tissue fluid do?

Back

Bathes the cells of individual tissues.

Card 3

Front

Where is lymph held?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What does plasma contain? (8)

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What cells does it include?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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