Blood pressure and structure of vessels
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- Created by: Sarah
- Created on: 13-04-17 13:24
How do you calculate pulse pressure?
systolic - disasolic
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what in the incisurica?whats it caused by?
a small dip in bp caused by backflow of blood before the aortic valve closes
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what is pulmonary cicrculation?
gas exchange (deoxygenated from heart to lungs back to heart)
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what is systemic circulation?
oxygenated blood from heart to tissues back to heart
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what is normal blood volume?`
4-6L
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if the hearts pumping is there still pressure?
yes there is
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how is the mean arterial bp calculated?
1/3diastolic +1/3 Peripheral pressure
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what is the pulmonary pulse pressure?
16mmHg
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what is the pulmonary bp?
25/8
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what's the cuff inflated above?
above the expected systolic pressure
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where should you arm be held when doing bp?
attached at heart level
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what equipment do you need to do bp?
inflatable cuff, pressure meter and stethoscope
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what are the arterial sounds you hear for bp called?
karotkoff sounds
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what artery do you apply the stethoscope to when taking bp?
brachial artery
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what is the systemic bp?
120/75mmHg
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what is the systeic pulse pressure?
60mmHg
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what is the dicrotic notch?
a downward deflection in arterial pressure caused by the aortic/pulmonic valve closing at the onset of ventricular diastole
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what is the first sound you usually hear when listening for bp?
loud tapping = systolic pressure
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whats the karotoff noises sequence?
loud tapping(systolic pressure), muting, pounding,, muffling OR silence
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how is the diastolic pressure measured in the UK?
sound becomes muffled
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what is systolic pressure mainly affected by?
ejection velocity and stroke volume
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how is the diastolic pressure measured in the US?
silence
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what is diastolic pressure normally affcted by?
1) total peripheral resistance (mostly arteriole) 2) blood flow from arterial to venous sides
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what is the difference between sytolic and diastolic?
sytolic =max arterial pressure during contraction of ventricles, diastolic =min pressure filling of the ventricles
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how's arerial bp regulated?
short term-baroreceptors, control of blood volume- long term
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what is orthostasis?
change in bp as you stand up usually hypotension makes you dizzy (example of baroreceptor control)
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what happens to increase MABP followin orthostasis?
increase cardiac output, heart rate and force increases, sympathetic outflow of heart increase, increase sympathetic flow to vesels causes constriction and incresed resistance
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what is Mean arterial blood pressure worked out by?
cardiac output x total peripheral resistance
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drugs target what to affect MABP?
Cardiac output or total peripheral resistance
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what drugs increase MABP by increasing Total peripheral resistance by vasoconstricting?
angiotensin 2 and phenylephrine
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what receptors does phenyleohrine work at?
alpha 1
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is phenylephrine an agonist or antagonist?
sympathetic agonist
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how does angiotensin 2 and phenylephrine increase MABP?
increases TPR by vasoconstriction
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how do you increase the cardiac output?
increasing heart rate or stroke volume
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what drugs increase CO (affect SV/rate)?
dobutamine
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what is dobutamine? what receptor does it work at?
B1 receptors, is a sympathetic agonist
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what does digitalis do?
makes the heart contract more
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how does digitalis make the heart contract more?
inhibits Na/K ATPase pump so Na builds up is exchanged for Ca,Ca causes contraction of muscle
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how do you decrease cardiac output?
decrease heart rate or stroke volume
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what drugs decrease CO? (as reduces SV+HR)
atenolol, verapamil (only reduces force of contraction)
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how does verampamil work?
blocks calcium channels so reduces force of contraction
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how can the total peripheral resistance be reduced?
vasodilation
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what drugs reduce BP by decreasing TPR by vasodilation?
prazosin
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what is prazosin? what receptors does it work at?
sympathetic antagonist at alpha 2 receptors
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what happens to diastolic and systolic bp during exercise why?
diastolic down as TPR down, Systolic increases as SV and EV up
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what is the normal variation in bp?
daily (diurnal), seasonal, activity
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what season is bp lower in?
summer
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what is abnormal variation in BP?
pathological, white coat hypertension
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where are baroreceptors in the body?
walls of aorta ( aortic body) carotid arteries, carotid arch, carotid sinus and heart walls
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whats arterial bpregulated by?
barorecptors and blood volume
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what is the carotid sinus baroreceptors innervated by?
a branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve (9th cranial nerve)
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how does blood volume control arterial BP long term?
`drop in bp, detected by kidneys. renin released, angiotensin release from kidney, angiotensin + renin = angiotensin 1 --> angiotensin 2 by ACE, recognised by hypothalamus makes you thirst and drink, CVs vasoconstriction and aldestorone release
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what do angiotensin 2 do to the adrenal cortex?
makes it release aldosterone which works on kidney
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what does aldestrone do to kidneys?
makes them retain salt and water to increase bp
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determinants of systolic bp?
Ejection velocity and stroke volume
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determinants of systolic bp?
total peripheral Resistance and difference between venous and arterial
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
what in the incisurica?whats it caused by?
Back
a small dip in bp caused by backflow of blood before the aortic valve closes
Card 3
Front
what is pulmonary cicrculation?
Back
Card 4
Front
what is systemic circulation?
Back
Card 5
Front
what is normal blood volume?`
Back
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