Biopsychology neurons
- Created by: _marxlee
- Created on: 27-04-17 15:17
what are neurons?
the main components of nervous tissue
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what do neurons detect?
internal and external changes and form the communication link between the CNS, the brain and spinal cord and every part of the body
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what are the three types of neuron?
sensory, motor and relay
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what do neurons typically consist of?
cell body, dendrites and an axon
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what does the cell body consist of?
a number of short branching extensions called dendrites and one long extension called an axon
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what is myelin?
a fatty insulative substance surrounding the axon cable
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what happens when an impulse reaches the end of the axon?
it is passed onto another neuron, gland or organ via the axon terminals
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what are neurotransmitters?
the small chemicals that pass from one neuron to another to pass the signal being transmitted
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what is synaptic transmission?
process for transmitting messages from neuron to neuron
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what is meant by axon potential?
when a nerve signal, or impulse reaches the ends of its axon
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what is a synapse?
the gap between one neuron and the next
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what separates the membranes of the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons from each other?
the fluid-filled synaptic gap
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as signals cannot leap across the gap electrically what have this role?
neurotransmitters
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what happens when electrical impulses travel down the tail of the cell and arrive at its terminal?
it triggers vesicles containing a neurotransmitter to move toward the terminal membrane
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what does the vesicles fuse with?
the terminal membrane to release their contents
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what happens inside the synaptic cleft?
neurotransmitters can bind to receptors on the membrane of the receiving neuron
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what does this then convert to?
an electrical impulse that travels down the neuron to the next presynaptic terminal, so the impulse continues to be transmitted on
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if you are touched on the toe and the shoulder at the same time, why would you perceive that it was at slightly different times?
the distance of the information has to travel down the sensory neurons to be registered by the CNS
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neurotransmitters can either have an ? or ? effect on the neighbouring neuron
excitatory or inhibitory
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what is the effect of inhibition in the receiving neuron?
the neuron becoming more negatively charged and less likely to fire
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what is the effect of exitatory in the neighbouring neuron?
increasing its positive charge, therefore making it more likely to fire an impulse
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where are sensory neurons located?
PNS
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what do they respond to?
stimulation in sensory receptors
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what do they send?
signals to the spinal cord and the brain about this sensory experience
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true or false? there are sensory neurons for all senses
true
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sensory neurons have ? dendrites and ? axons
long, short
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sensory neurons send signals ? from the the organ to the brain and spinal cord
away
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what are motor neurons?
cells in the PNS that send messages from the brain and the spinal cord to the muscles and glands
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motor neurons have ? axons and ? dendrites
long, short
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what do relay neurons form connections with?
other neurons
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where do they send signals to?
other relay neurons, or form links between sensory and motor neurons
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true or false? all neurons in the CNS are relay neurons
true
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what are sensory neurons also known as?
afferent neurons
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what does this mean?
moving towards a central organ or point, that is they move impulses towards the CNS
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where do sensory neurons receive information from?
sensory receptors found in various locations in the body
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how does this information enter sensory neurons?
through the dendrites and passes it to the cell body-the control centre of the cell
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what are motor neurons also known as?
efferent neurons
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what does this mean?
moving away from a central organ or point, move impulses away from the CNS
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where do they take information from?
the brain to muscles or organs, which are referred to as effectors
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how does this information enter a motor neuron?
the dendrites, which then passes it onto the cell body
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what is the axon terminals called when the motor neuron connects with a muscle
motor end plates
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relay neurons have ? dendrites and ? axons
short, short
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what is beneficial about myelin around axons?
it helps increase the speed at which impulses travel
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specialised ? cells produce tightly wrapped myelin sheath around the axon of a neuron
Schwann
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what are the gaps between the myelin on the axon called?
nodes of ranvier
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what do they help?
the electrical impulse 'jump' from section to section to increase the speed of the electrical impulse
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where are axon terminals found?
the end of an axon
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
what do neurons detect?
Back
internal and external changes and form the communication link between the CNS, the brain and spinal cord and every part of the body
Card 3
Front
what are the three types of neuron?
Back
Card 4
Front
what do neurons typically consist of?
Back
Card 5
Front
what does the cell body consist of?
Back
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