Biopsychology

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Central Nervous System
The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord, and is the control centre for mental and physical activities of the body. The CNS controls the body's responses to signals from the rest of the body.
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What is the Peripheral Nervous System?
The peripheral nervous system is the complex network made up of all the nerves outside of the CNS. The PNS sends information to the brain about the organs, limbs and skin.
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What is the PNS divided into?
The peripheral nervous system is divided into the somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system.
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Whats the difference between the Somatic and Autonomic nervous system?
The somatic nervous system deals with sensory information and movement, and the Autonomic system which regulates involuntary funnctions.
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What is the Autonomic nervous system spilt into?
Parasympathetic 'rest and digest'- relax of the body and the Sympathetic- 'fight and flight'
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What are the 3 types of neurons?
Motor, Sensory and Relay Neuron.
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What are hormones?
Hormones are chemical messages released from the endrocrine glland which regulate the activity of particular organs in the body. Hormones travel directly in the blood to targeted organs, and take longer to have an effect than the Nervous System.
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What is localisation of the brain?
Its the idea that different parts of the brain are responsible for different functions.
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Whats the Holistic theory of brain function?
The Holistic theory- for centuries scientists believed that all parts of the brain were involved in bringing about responses.
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Case Study of Phineas Gage
Phineas Gage was a railway constructor who was involved in an accident, where an iron rod was driven completely through his left frontal lobe. Only his personality and behaviour changed badly due to his injuries, which supports idea of localisation.
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What are the 4 lobes?
Frontal Lobe. Parietal Lobe, Occipital Lobe and Temporal Lobe.
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Broca's area
An area of the frontal lobe of the brain in the left hemisphere which is responsible for speech production. This is when you cant get your words out, but you understand what is being said to you.
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Wernicke's area
An area of the temporal lobe in the left hemisphere responsible for language comprehension. This is when you can speak, but can't understand what is being said.
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What is meant by Functional Recovery?
Functional recovery is when the brain redistributes brain functions to other parts of the brain if an area of the brain is damaged.
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Brain Plasticity
The concept of brain plasticity- brain plasticity is the idea that the brain can recover from damage and change in response to new experiences.
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Briefly explain Lashley's evidence.
Lashley found that higher cognitive processes such as 'learning' are not localised but distributed in a more holistic way throughout the brain. Lashley removed areas of the rats brains cortex.
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What is meant by Hemispheric Lateralisation?
Hemispheric lateralisation is the idea that the 2 halves of the brain have different functions. You have the Left and the Right hemisphere.
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Split brain patients
Split brain patients are people who have had the main connection, the 'corpus callusom', between the left and right hemispheres severed.
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What are post mortems?
Post Mortems involve the analysis of a person's brain following their death.
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How the 3 types of neurons work together?
Receptor is connected to a sensory neuron, which causes electrical impulses to pass along causing neurotransmitters released into the synapse. These bind to the receptors on the relay neuron, and then passed to motor neuron, stimulating a response.
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Motor area
A region of the frontal lobe involved in regulating movement.
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Somatosensory area
An area of the parietal lobe that processes sensory information, such as touch.
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Visual area
A part of the occipital lobe that receives and processes visual information.
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Auditory area
Located in the temporal lobe and concerned with analysis of speech-based information.
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Left hemisphere
The left side of the brain is responsible for controlling the right side of the body. It also performs tasks that have to do with logic, such as science and maths.
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Right hemisphere
The right hemisphere coordinates the left side of the body and performs tasks to do with creativity and arts.
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Event Related Potentials (ERP's)
This is a way of studying the brain which measures brain response and types of brainwaves that are triggered as a response to particular events.
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Electro-encephalograms (EEG)
Is a test used to detect abnormalities, it tracks and records brain wave patterns. Used to detect and diagnose seizure disorders, as normal electrical activity in the brain makes a recognisable pattern.
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FMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging)
This is another way of studying the brain which measures blood flow to areas of the brain. It has shown that blood flow increases to areas of the brain carrying out a task.
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What are biological rhythms?
Biological rhythms are periodic fluctuations in biological functioning (rhythms in our behaviour).
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Circadian Rhythms
Is a rhythm that occurs/repeats every 24 hours, such as the sleep-wake cycle and body temperature. Endogenous pacemakers are internal mechanisms (our biological clock) that control these and external zeitgebers maintain a stable rhythm.
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What is our SCN?
Our SCN (superchiamatic nucleus) is our most important endogenous pacemaker, as it controls the pineal gland and the release of melatonin..
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Infradian Rhythms
Infradian rhythms are rhythms that last longer than a day. Eg. the menstrual cycle or Seasonal Affective Disorder.
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Ultradian Rhythms
A rhythm that occurs more than once in 24 hours.(they are less than 24hr).
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

The peripheral nervous system is the complex network made up of all the nerves outside of the CNS. The PNS sends information to the brain about the organs, limbs and skin.

Back

What is the Peripheral Nervous System?

Card 3

Front

The peripheral nervous system is divided into the somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

The somatic nervous system deals with sensory information and movement, and the Autonomic system which regulates involuntary funnctions.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Parasympathetic 'rest and digest'- relax of the body and the Sympathetic- 'fight and flight'

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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