biological rhythms

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what is an infradian rhythm?
rhythm with a frequency of less than one cycle in 24 hours, eg menstrl cycle
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what is an ultradian rhythm?
rhythm with a frequency of more than one cycle every 24 hours, eg sleep wake cycle
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outline what occurs in a mentsrul cycle
a 28 day cycle, womb lining shed on the first day, oestrogen causes the ovary to mature and release an egg, progesterone increase thickness of womb lining
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what did Stern and McClintock study?
the influence of pheromones
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describe Stern and McClintock's study
29 women, 20 who had irregular periods were the sample, the 9 with regular periods had pheremone samples collected via a pad in the armpit worn for at least 8 hours. they were treated and frozen, and then rubbed on the upper lip of the other sample.
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what were the results of Stern and McClintock's study?
68% of the women had a change to their period that was making it similar to their pheromone donor.
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evaluate Stern and McClintock's study
high in internal validity and makes evolutionary sense for cycles to be entrained so children would be raised collectively, but could have been due to other factors like stress and small sample
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evaluate SAD
research support showed that 60% of sufferes had an improvement when given a light box, this means the treatment can be done at home and is less strain on NHS, however 30% of placebo group also had an improvement so it may not be due to the light
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describe the sleep wake cycle
5 stages, each 90 mins long, they continue over course of night, and can be characterised by brain activity on an EEG.
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describe stages 1 and 2 of the sleep wake cycle
described as the sleep escalator, alpha waves and beta waves are produced here, can be awoken easily in second stage.
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describe stages 3 and 4 of the sleep wake cycle
deep sleep, delta waves, difficult wake, muscles and cognitive functioning are recuperating
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describe stage 5 of the sleep wake cycle
REM, pons stops the activity from sensory neurones so we don't act out our dreams, when we wake up after stage 5 we are more likely to remember our dreams
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describe dertmot and kleitmans study
recorded peoples brain waves as they slept, banned caffeine and alcohol, an average of a 90 min cycle, asked them to do self report on dreaming and REM correlated with dreams
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evaluate Dermot and Klietmans study
the EEG is falsifiable, but the study is low in mundane realism, only a small sample and they could have lied about dreams
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describe the Micheal Stiffre study
went into a cave with no natural light let in, objective tests on brain waves and recorded times he woke and slept, blood pressure and heart rat.
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describe the findings of Micheal Stiffre study
he did this twice, once for 2 months, and again for 6, and both times he found his sleep wake cycle elongated to 25 hours
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evaluate Micheal Stiffre study
he used objective tests, however, there was a lack of control as he still used artificial light so we cannot be sure what will happen if light is completely removed
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describe Aschoff and Weavers study
a group of participants spent 4 weeks in a WWII bunker, they were deprived of natural light, all but one person had their sleep wake cycle extend to 25 hours
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describe Folklards study
12 people lived in a cave for 3 weeks, bed when the clock said 11:45pm, was up at 7:45am, gradually sped the clock up to a 22 hour day, and only one participant comfortably adjusted
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what is a circadian rhythm
a cycle that lasts 24 hours, includes sleep wake cycle and homeostasis
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what is an endogenous pacemaker
bodys internal biological clock
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what is an exogenous zietgieber
external influences on rhythms, including social ques, light, alarm clock
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evaluate circadian rhythms
this has an application to shift workers and drug administration, however there is low internal validity of studies and cultural differences of climate and light
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Card 2

Front

what is an ultradian rhythm?

Back

rhythm with a frequency of more than one cycle every 24 hours, eg sleep wake cycle

Card 3

Front

outline what occurs in a mentsrul cycle

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

what did Stern and McClintock study?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

describe Stern and McClintock's study

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