biopsych ; localisation of function

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LOCALISATION OF FUNCTION
DFF
1 of 72
- localisation v holistic theory
cvbd
2 of 72
before investigations like broca and wernicke's what was the generally supported brain theory?
holistic theory
3 of 72
what is the holistic theory?
all parts brain involved in processing thought and action
4 of 72
what did broca and wernicke argue for?
localisation of function
5 of 72
which is the idea that?
different parts of the brain perform different tasks adn are involved with different parts of the body
6 of 72
what then follows about certain areas of brain being damaged?
function associated will also be affected
7 of 72
- hemispheres of brain and cerebral cortex
dfgd
8 of 72
what are hemispheres?
the two symmetrical halves of brain
9 of 72
what is lateralisation?
some functions controlled / dom by particular hemisphere
10 of 72
what is the outer layer of both menispheres called?
cerebral cortex
11 of 72
why does this separate us from other animals?
ours is more developed
12 of 72
why does the cortex appear grey?
location of cell bodies
13 of 72
- motor / somatosensory / visual and auditory centres
dfgd
14 of 72
what is the lobe @ the front of the brain?
frontal lobe
15 of 72
and middle?
parietal lobe
16 of 72
and back?
occipital lobe
17 of 72
and bottom?
temporal lobe
18 of 72
what is at the back of the frontal lobe?
motor area
19 of 72
what is at the front of the parietal lobe?
somatosensory area
20 of 72
what is in the occipital lobe?
visual cortex
21 of 72
and the temporal lobe?
auditory area
22 of 72
what does motor area control?
voluntary movement in opposite side of body
23 of 72
damage to this area may result in?
loss of ctrl over fine movements
24 of 72
what is represented in somatosensory area?
sensory info from skn
25 of 72
what does amount of area devoted to body part denote?
sensitivity
26 of 72
for instance receptors for which two places occupy over half somatosensory area?
face and hands
27 of 72
what can damage to the left hemisphere of the visual area produce blindness in?
right visual field of both eyes
28 of 72
what does auditory area do?
analyse speech based info
29 of 72
damage here may produce what?
partial hearing loss
30 of 72
- language area of the brain
dg
31 of 72
where is broca's area?
left frontal lobe
32 of 72
broca's area is responsible for?
speech production
33 of 72
damage here can cause?
broca's aphasia
34 of 72
characterised by?
slow / laborious speech lacking fluency
35 of 72
where is wernicke's area?
left temporal lobe
36 of 72
which is responsible for?
language comprehension
37 of 72
and when damaged results in?
wernicke's aphasia
38 of 72
characterised by?
neologisms as part of content of speech
39 of 72
and also difficulty doing what?
understanding speech so speech produced fluent but meaningless
40 of 72
EVALUATION
FGFD
41 of 72
:) brain scan evidence of localisation
dfgd
42 of 72
petersen et al used brain scans to demonstrate wernicke's was active whn?
listening task
43 of 72
and broca's?
reading stask
44 of 72
tulving et al's LTM study revealed what?
semantic and episodic mems reside in diff parts prefrontal cortex
45 of 72
why are these brain scan evidences strong?
scientific and objective and soundly scientific
46 of 72
:) neurosurgical evidence
dfgd
47 of 72
why are early attempts of this neurosurgical evidence like freeman's bad?
bc he invented the lobotomy and would just brutally and imprecisely severe connections in frontal lobe to ctrl aggression
48 of 72
neurosurgerystill used today sparingly to treat extreme cases of?
OCD / depression
49 of 72
dougherty et al reported on how many OCD patients?
44
50 of 72
that underwent what?
cingulotomy
51 of 72
which is a procedure involving?
lesioning cingulate gyrus
52 of 72
at how many weeks did he o a post-surgical followup?
32
53 of 72
how many met criteria for successful response to surgery?
1/3
54 of 72
and what % partial response?
14%
55 of 72
successes of these procedures strongly suggest?
symptoms and behavioirs associated with serious mental disorders localised
56 of 72
:) case study evidence
df
57 of 72
who is the neurological damage guy?
phineas gage
58 of 72
when he was working on the railway there was an ecplosion and what happened?
metre length pole went throguh his cheek behind his eye and yeeted out most of his left crontal lobe
59 of 72
he survived byt?
personality quick tempered and rude
60 of 72
EVAL EXTRA
DGF
61 of 72
:( lashley's research
dfd
62 of 72
what does his work suggest?
higher cognitive functions are hlistic
63 of 72
he did what to rats learning a maze
removed areas of the cortex
64 of 72
and the results?
no area proven more important than any other area in terms of learning the maze ability
65 of 72
process of learning appeared to require what?
every part cortex rather than particualr area
66 of 72
this seems to suggest what about learning?
too complex to be localised
67 of 72
:( plasticity
dgfd
68 of 72
what is plasticity also called?
cortical remapping
69 of 72
what happens when brain has become damaged and particular function lost?
rest of brain reorganises to recover lost function
70 of 72
lashley described this as?
law of equipotentiality
71 of 72
whereby surviving brain circuits do what?
chip in so same neurological action can be achieved
72 of 72

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- localisation v holistic theory

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cvbd

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before investigations like broca and wernicke's what was the generally supported brain theory?

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what is the holistic theory?

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what did broca and wernicke argue for?

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