Tumours are caused by gene mutations of tumour suppressor genes and oncogenes which are responsible for regulation of the cell cycle, which cause uncontrolled cell division. The rate of cell proliferation is greater than that of cell death.
1 of 5
Explain how a stroke may be caused.
Atheroma formation and thrombosis in cerebral arteries lead to ischaemia in the brain. This leads to necrosis of the neurones in the brain. This is the main cause of strokes.
2 of 5
State the risk factors for a stroke.
High blood pressure, high levels of LDL cholesterol, lack of exercise, ageing, gender, smoking, genetic factors and diet.
3 of 5
Explain the causal link between ageing and a stroke.
Ageing makes the arteries less elastic. This increases the blood pressure in the vessels and causes endothelial damage. Plaque forms due to deposits of Calcium ions, LDL and cell debris by T cells. This narrows the lumen of the arteries in the brain.
4 of 5
Pain is caused when specific receptors and C fibre receptors are stimulated. Explain how an action potential will be initiated in those neurones.
The stimulus will cause the Sodium channels to open. The influx of Sodium ions into the neuron will initiate the action potential.
5 of 5
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Explain how a stroke may be caused.
Back
Atheroma formation and thrombosis in cerebral arteries lead to ischaemia in the brain. This leads to necrosis of the neurones in the brain. This is the main cause of strokes.
Card 3
Front
State the risk factors for a stroke.
Back
Card 4
Front
Explain the causal link between ageing and a stroke.
Back
Card 5
Front
Pain is caused when specific receptors and C fibre receptors are stimulated. Explain how an action potential will be initiated in those neurones.
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