Biology Unit 2

A set of Q&A Biology Unit 1 Flashcards

Some Flashcards will require sticking of images onto. 

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What is a Light Microscope?
Magnifies things 100s of times
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What is a Electron Microscope?
Magnifies things 100,000 of times
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Animal or Plant cell?
Animal cell
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Animal or Plant cell?
Plant cell
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What function does this cell have?
Fat Cell. Stores fat and can expand up to 1000 times.
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What function does this cell have?
Root Hair Cell. Has a large surface area to absorb water.
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Define 'Tissue'.
A group of specialised cells. E.G Muscles, Nervous
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Define 'Organ System'.
Several organs carrying out a major job. E.G transporting blood
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What is Diffusion?
Overall movement of particles from a high to a low concentration.
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What is Osmosis?
The diffusion of a solvent (water) through a semi-permeable membrane. From low to high.
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What is Active Transport?
The diffusion of particles through a semi-permeable membrane from low to high. Requires energy.
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What is the equation for photosynthesis?
Carbon Dioxide + Water (+ Light Energy) -> Glucose + Oxygen
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What are the three uses of Glucose?
To make Cellulose cell walls, to be stored as starch and energy in respiration.
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Name and define the three different methods of sampling.
Random (random generator, co-ordinates out of a hat). Sample (several random to get a mean). Compare (compare numbers over time).
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What is activation energy?
The energy needed to cause a reaction.
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How do enzymes and catalysts differ?
Both speed up reactions. Enzymes are used up. Catalysts are not used up.
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What are enzymes?
Enzymes are proteins made up of long chains of amino acids folded into shape. Enzymes have a active site (hole) for other molecules to fit into.
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Define digestion.
The breaking down of larger molecules into smaller molecules.
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What three things do the gut do?
Digests food. Mixes food with digestive enzymes. Uses muscles to squeeze food along.
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Define reproduceable.
Other peopple will do the same investigation and get results that are the same.
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Define control variables.
Control variables are kept the same throughout the investigation.
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What is the equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + Oxygen -> Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy (Energy is the only useful product)
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What are mitochondria?
Tiny organelles found in cells. They are the site of respiration.
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What are the three reasons for respiration?
Muscle contraction, keeping warm and building big molecules.
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What 4 things happen to people as the get fitter?
Lower pulse, lower breathing rate, bigger heart volume and higher blood pumped out per beat.
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Why does anaerobic respiration occur?
During hard respiration when not enough blood gets to muscles. Turns Glucose to Lactic Acid and a little amount of energy.
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What does lactic acid cause?
Fatigues muscles, causes aches, muscles don't contract and may cramp.
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What happens after exercise when anaerobic respiration has happened?
You breathe faster and deeper because extra Oxygen is needed to break down lactic acid.
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How many chromosomes do we have?
46
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What is mitosis and what is it vital for?
Mitosis is when chromosomes copy themselves. This is vital in Asexual reproduction (cloning).
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What can stem cells do that make them so useful?
Stem cells can divide and change into many different cells.
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What are the ethical, scientific and religious issues with using stem cells?
Against human rights, could be murder of embryos, really expensive, hard, slow, could cause cancer.
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What combination sex chromosomes do sperm and eggs have?
Sperm = XY. Egg = **.
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When a child is born what is the chance of it being a boy?
50% chance.
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What chromosome is dominant: X or Y?
Y. Y = male. X = female.
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Define Homozygous.
An individual with 2 identical alleles for a feature. E.G DD, dd, pp.
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Define Heterozygous.
An individual with different alleles for a feature. E.G Dd, Pp.
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Define Genotype and Pheno type.
Genotype = the alleles for a feature e.g DD, Dd. Phenotype = the appearance that an organism has e.g dimples/no dimples.
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What are the 4 main causes of extinction?
Environmental changes, predators, competition and diseases.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is a Electron Microscope?

Back

Magnifies things 100,000 of times

Card 3

Front

Animal or Plant cell?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Animal or Plant cell?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What function does this cell have?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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