When members of the same species differ from each other.
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Sampling
Involves taking measurements of individuals, selected from the population being investigated.
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Sampling Bias
The selection process may be biased and the investigators may make unrepresentative choices.
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Chance
The individuals chosen may be representative. It can only be minimised by either using a large sample size or by doing a statistical analysis of the data collected to work out how much chance has affected the results.
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Random Sampling
Eveything has an equal chance of being chosen.
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What are the 2 causes of variation?
Genetic differences and environmental influences.
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Genetic differences
Due to the different genes that each individual organism possessed. Change from generationn to generation. Occurs as a result of mutation, meiosis and fusion of gametes.
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Environmental influences
Include light, climatic conditions, soil conditions, pH and food availability.
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Normal Distribution
Mean is the measure of the height of the graph and s.d. is a measure of the width of the curve; 1 S.D. is 68% and 2 s.d. is 95%.
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Discontinuous Variation
Variation shown when the characteristics of organisms fall into distinct categories.
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Continuous Variation
Variation in which organisms do not fall into distinct categories.
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Genotype
The genetic makeup of an organism with regard to an observed trait.
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Phenotype
The observed properties/ outward appearance of a trait; the physical appearance of the alleles possessed by the organism.
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Population
A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area at the same time, sharing a common gene pool.
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Species
A group of similar organisms that can breed together to produce fertile offspring.
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Sample
A set of individuals/ items selected from a population for anakysis to yield estimates of or to test hypothesis about the whole population.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
When members of the same species differ from each other.
Back
Intraspecific Variation
Card 3
Front
Involves taking measurements of individuals, selected from the population being investigated.
Back
Card 4
Front
The selection process may be biased and the investigators may make unrepresentative choices.
Back
Card 5
Front
The individuals chosen may be representative. It can only be minimised by either using a large sample size or by doing a statistical analysis of the data collected to work out how much chance has affected the results.
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