Biology Unit 2

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  • Created by: Kerry
  • Created on: 21-01-13 10:02
Animal + Plant cell: Nucleus
Contains genetic material that controls activities of the cell
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Animal + Plant cell: Cytoplasm
Gel like substance where most of the chemical reactions take place, contains enzymes that control the reactions
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Animal + Plant cell: Cell membrane
Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out
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Animal + Plant cell: Mitochondria
Where most of the reactions for respiration take place, respiration releases the energy cells need to work
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Animal + Plant cell: Ribosomes
Where proteins are made in the cell
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Plant cells: Cell wall
Made of cellulose, supports cell and strengthens it
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Plant cells: Permanent vacuole
Contains cell sap - weak solution of sugar and salts
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Plant cells: Chloroplasts
Where photosynthesis occurs, contain green pigment chlorophyll
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Diffusion
The spreading out of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
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Differentiation
The process a cell goes through to become specialised for a certain job
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Tissue
Group of similar cells that work together to carry out a particular function
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Organ
Group of different tissues that work together to perform a certain function
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Photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide + water --> glucose + oxygen
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Mesophyll tissue
Where photosynthesis of a plant occurs
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Xylem and Phloem
Transport water and mineral ions/sucrose around plant
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Limiting factor
Something that is slowing down the rate of photosynthesis/stopping it from happening any faster
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Glucose is used for:
Respiration, making cell walls, making proteins, stored in seeds and starch
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Quadrat
Square frame enclosing a known area
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Enzyme
A biological catalyst that increases the speed of a reaction without being changed or used up in the reaction
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Amylase
Made in salivary glands, small intestine and pancreas - converts starch to simple sugars like glucose
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Protease
Made in stomach, small intestine and pancreas - converts proteins to amino acids
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Lipase
Made in small intestine and pancreas - converts lipids to glycerol and fatty acids
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Bile
Produced in liver, stored in gall bladder, neutralises acid and emulsifies fats
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Respiration
The process of releasing energy from glucose which goes on in every cell
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Aerobic respiration
Glucose + oxygen --> Carbon dioxide + water + energy
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Releases energy for:
Build up large molecules from small ones, allow muscles to contract, keep body temp constant
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Anaerobic respiration
Glucose --> lactic acid + energy
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DNA
Contains instructions to put a organism together and make it work, long molecules (chromosomes)
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Chromosome
Long molecule of DNA
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Gene
Small section of DNA, contains instructions to make a specific protein
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Mitosis (asexual)
When a cell divides by splitting itself to form two identical offspring
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Meiosis (sexual)
Produces cells which have half the normal number of chromosomes
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Stem cells
Undifferentiated cells that can turn into a wide variety of cells depending on the instructions their given
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Mendel conclusions:
Characteristics deteremined by hereditary units, Hereditary units passed on from both parents, Hereditary units can be recessive or dominant
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Alleles
Different versions of the same gene
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Zygote
Fertilised cell
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Homozygous
Two alleles for a particular gene that are the same
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Heterozygous
Two alleles for a particular gene that are different
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Genotype
The alleles you have
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Phenotype
The characteristic
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Dominant allele
n allele which needs only be present in one of your chromosomes for it to be expressed as a characteristic
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Recessive allele
An allele that has to be present on both chromosomes for it to be expressed
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Gel like substance where most of the chemical reactions take place, contains enzymes that control the reactions

Back

Animal + Plant cell: Cytoplasm

Card 3

Front

Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Where most of the reactions for respiration take place, respiration releases the energy cells need to work

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Where proteins are made in the cell

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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