net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
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Active transport
net movement of particles from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.
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Tissue
A group of cells with a similar structure and function.
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organ
Made up of tissues, so one organ can contain several different tissues.
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Organ System
Groups of organs that perform a particular function.
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Photosynthesis
making glucose using light
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Protein molecules
made up of long chains of amino acids
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Activation energy
is the energy required for a chemical reaction to take place. Different reactions have different activation energies.
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Respiration
process of transferring energy from food molecules in every living cell.
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Aerobic respiration
uses oxygen and it takes place continuously in animals and plants.
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Anaerobic respiration
respiration without oxygen. Glucose is incompletely broken down to form lactic acid.
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Chromosomes
made from DNA which consists of two strands in a double helix.
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A gene
small section of DNA and each of these codes for a particular combination of amino acids which make a specific protein. Proteins determine characteristics.
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Mitosis
All the chromosomes are replicated and the nucleus is divided in 2.
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Meiosis
Genetic material is copied and cell divides twice to form 4 gametes.
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Asexual reproduction
offspring contains the same genes as the parent.
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Sexual Reproduction
gives variety, as genetic info from 2 parents combines.
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Fertilisation
is when gametes join and a single body cell with new pairs of chromosomes form. A new individual then develops by this cell repeatedly dividing by mitosis.
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Cell differentiation
results when some genes are tuned on and some are turned off. Once the cells become specialised they carry out their role.
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Alleles
different forms of genes.
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A dominant allele
is an allele which controls the development of characteristics when it is present on only one of the chromosomes.
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A recessive allele
is an allele which controls the development of characteristics only if the dominant allele is not present.
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Phenotype
is a description of how a characteristic is expressed, which can be influenced by genetic or environmental factors.
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Genotype
is a description of the alleles an individual possesses for a characteristic.
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A homozygous genotype
has 2 identical alleles.
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A heterozygous genotype
has 2 different alleles for a gene.
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Fossils
remains of organisms from many years ago that are found in rocks.
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A species
a group of organisms that reproduce to produce fertile offspring
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A hybrid
a cross between 2 species which creates infertile offspring.
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specification
Where separate species form
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
net movement of particles from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.
Back
Active transport
Card 3
Front
A group of cells with a similar structure and function.
Back
Card 4
Front
Made up of tissues, so one organ can contain several different tissues.
Back
Card 5
Front
Groups of organs that perform a particular function.
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