Biology Unit 2.1 0.0 / 5 ? BiologyDNA, genetics and evolutionA2/A-levelOCR Created by: ChloeB25Created on: 06-02-14 20:29 What is a gene? A length of DNA that codes for a polypeptide 1 of 23 What is transcription? The creation of a single-stranded mRNA copy of the DNA coding strand 2 of 23 What is translation? The assembly of polypeptides (proteins) at ribosomes 3 of 23 What is a mutation? A change in the amount of, or arrangement of, the genetic material in a cell 4 of 23 What is an allele An alternative version of a gene 5 of 23 What is an operon? A length of DNA composed of structural genes (code for proteins) and control sites (operator and promotore region). 6 of 23 What is a repressor protein? Binds to the operator region, and RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region to transcribe structural genes 7 of 23 What is a homebox gene? A gene that controls the development of the body plan of organisms, including polarity and positioning of organs 8 of 23 What is apoptosis? Programmed cell death 9 of 23 What is phagocytosis? The endocytosis of large solid molecules into a cell 10 of 23 What is meiosis? A reduction division. Resulting daughter cells have half the original number of chromosomes. They are haploid and used in sexual reproduction 11 of 23 What is a locus? The position of a gene on a chromosome 12 of 23 What is crossing over? When lengths of DNA are swapped from one chromatid to another 13 of 23 What are maternal chromosomes? Chromosomes contributed by the egg 14 of 23 What are paternal chromosomes? Chromosomes contributed by the sperm 15 of 23 What is codominant? Both alleles contribute to the phenotype 16 of 23 What is epistasis? The interaction of different gene loci so that one gene locus masks or supresses the expression of another gene locus 17 of 23 What is the chi-squared test? A statistical test to find out if the difference between observed categorical data and expected data is small enough to be due to chance 18 of 23 What is a selection pressure? An environmental factor that confers greater chances of survival to reproductive age on some members of the population 19 of 23 What is the biological species concept? A group of similar organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring 20 of 23 What is the phylogenetic species concept? A group of organisms that have similar morphology, physiology, embryology and behaviour, and occupy the same ecological niche 21 of 23 What is a monophyletic group? A group that includes an ancestral organism and all its descendant species 22 of 23 What is a paraphyletic group? A group that includes the most recent ancestor but not all its descendants 23 of 23
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