Biology SL chapter 5.1 (Communities and ecosystems)

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  • Created on: 09-04-15 18:13
Define species, habitat and population
Species:A group of organisms than can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.Habitat: Environment in which a species lives or location of a living organism.Population:A group of organisms of the same species living in the same area at the same time
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Define community, ecosystem and ecology
Community: a group of populations living and interacting with each other. Ecosystem: a community and its abiotic environment. Ecology: Study of relationships between living organisms and between their environment,
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Distinguish between autotroph and heterotroph
Autotroph: organism that synthesises its organic molecules from inorganic substances. They are producers. Heterotrophs: Organism that optains organic molecules from other organisms. Are consumers
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Define consumer, detrivore and sapotroph
Consumer: organism that ingests living or recently killed organic matter. Detrivore: An organism that ingests non-living organic matter. Sapotroph: organism that lives on/in non-living organic matter, secreting enzymes and absorbing products
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Define the trophic levels
Trophic level 1: producer. Trophic level 2: primary consumer. Trophic level 3: secondary consumer. Trophic level 4: tertiary consumer.
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The initial energy source for the vast majority of communities
All green plants and some bacteria are photo-autotrophic.They use light as a source of energy for synthesising organic molecules. This makes light the energy source for most communities. Some bacteria get their energy from chemical processes.
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Explain the energy flow in a food chain pt1
Energy enters most communities as light, where it is converted into energy via photosynthesis in plants. Plants then get eaten by primary consumer (herbivore) and the energy goes down the food chain.
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Explain the energy flow in a food chain pt2
Only ~10% of energy is passed from one trophic level to the next. This limits the number of trophic levels as energy flow is reduced at higher levels. energy is lost as heat, be used by cellular respiration or be excreted and remain unconsumed.
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Explain that energy leaves an eco system but nutrients must be recycled pt1
Energy can't be recycled and must be powered by a continuous influx of new external energy (the sun). Nutrients refer to material required by an organism, and are constantly recycled as food.
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Explain that energy leaves an eco system but nutrients must be recycled pt2
Autotrophic activites of producers (plants) produce organic materials which are fed on by consumers. Consumers then die and nutrients (inorganic) are returned to soil to be reused by plants as fertiliser.
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Role of saprotrophic bacteria and fungi (decomposers)
The saprotrophic activities of decomposers free organic materials from dead bodies and waste products of organisms, ensuring a supply of raw materials for producers which are then eaten by consumers. They recycle nutrients in an ecosystem
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Card 2

Front

Define community, ecosystem and ecology

Back

Community: a group of populations living and interacting with each other. Ecosystem: a community and its abiotic environment. Ecology: Study of relationships between living organisms and between their environment,

Card 3

Front

Distinguish between autotroph and heterotroph

Back

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Card 4

Front

Define consumer, detrivore and sapotroph

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Define the trophic levels

Back

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