Metabolism:chemical reactions within an organism. Growth: Living things grow or change size. Reproduction: living things produce offspring
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Explain response, homeostasis and nutrition
Response: living things can respond and interact with the environment. Homeostasis: maintaining a constant internal environment. Nutrition: breaking down of compounds to supply energy to the organism
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Limiting cell size
Rate of heat and waste production and resource consumption is dependent on volume of cell. The surface area increases at a slower rate than the volume. (leading to a decreased SA:Vol ratio) cell must divide in order to ensure a viable SA:V ratio
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Emergent properties
A whole cell is greater than the sum of its parts. Cells may group together to form tissues, organs are made from multiple tissues,
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Why do cells differentiate to carry out specialized functions?
All cells share an identical genome, differentiation is when new cells become specialized as they mature. Differentiated cells will have different regions of DNA packaged as heterochromatin and euchromatin depending on their function
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Therapeutic use of stem cells
Stem cells can be used to replace damaged cells with new, healthy ones. This process requires: The use of biochemical solutions to trigger differentiation into desired cell type Surgical implantation of cells into patient's own tissue Suppression of
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Examples of therapeutic use of stem cells
Retinal cells - replaced dead cells in retina to cure diseases like glaucoma. Skin cells- graft new skin cells to replace damaged ones. Nerve cells - repair damaged cells caused by spinal injuries.Blood cells-bone marrow transplant for cancer patien
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