Before division a copy of each chromosome is made, the cell then divides twice to form gametes, then each gamete has a single set of chromosomes each with a different combination of genes.
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What is a stem cell?
A undifferentiated cell with the potential to form a wide variety of different cell types.
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What are stem cells not?
Specialised,
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What can stem cells be sed for?
Curing some disorders.
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Who worked out how characteristics are inherited?
Gregor Mendel
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What do genes make up?
The chromosomes, which control our characterisics.
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What is a gene?
Is a small section of DNA
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What are chromosomes?
Large molecules of DNA
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What does everyone have except for Identical twins?
Unique chromosomes
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What is the genetic code?
Where each gene has codes for a particular combination of amino acids which make a specific protein.
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What are chromosomes found in, when they are in the body cell?
Pairs
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What do body cells need to do, to produce new cells for growth or repair?
Divide
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What is Mitosis?
Is the type of cell division that produces indentical new cells.
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What do animal cells do?
They differentiate early in development but many plant cells maintain the ability to differentiate throughout their life.
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How is sex determined?
By the X and Y chromosomes
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How many chromosomes do females have?
Two X chromosomes
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How many chromosomes do males have?
Two X and Y chromosomes
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What are some characteristics controlled by?
A single gene
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What are differnet forms of genes called?
Allels
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What is a phenotype?
The physical appearance of the characteristics.
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What is a genotype?
The genetic make up.
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What does homozygous mean?
Both allels are the same DD
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What does Heterozygous mean?
Two allels are different Dd
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What can be caused by genes?
disorders such as polydactyly and cystic cybrosis
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How is Polydactyly caused?
By a dominant allele
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How is cystic fibrosis caused ?
By a recessive allele
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What is cystic fibrosis?
Its when an allele affects cell membranes and causes the production of thick sticky mucus.
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What is used to predict the chances of inheriting the disorder?
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