Biology Revision

?
  • Created by: pvibrans
  • Created on: 17-05-15 14:50
Give the definition for: biotic.
a living organism in a habitat.
1 of 51
Give the definition for: abiotic.
non-living factors in a habitat.
2 of 51
What is random sampling used for?
to count the number of organisms in a particular place.
3 of 51
What are the first 4 steps of random sampling?
1) Place two tape measures perpendicular to each other. 2) Use a random number generator to get coordinates. 3)Place the quadrats at the coordinates. 4) Count the number of each species in the quadrats.
4 of 51
What are the next 4 steps of random sampling?
5) Repeat 9 times. 6) Calculate a mean number for each species. 7) Find the area of the field and see how many quadrats fit into it. 8) Multiply by your mean the number of plants.
5 of 51
Can you think of two abiotic factors that could affect the distribution of plant species along a transect?
temperature, light intensity, moisture, CO2 concentration, humidity, tidal flow (water), soil pH etc.
6 of 51
When using the method random sampling, why would you place your quadrat at a large number of coordinates?
More reliable/reproducable results.
7 of 51
Give the definition for: adaptation.
A feature which makes it possible for an organism to survive in it's particular habitat.
8 of 51
What is structural adaptation?
The way in which organisms are shaped or coloured e.g. camouflage.
9 of 51
Give the definition for: Independent variable.
Is the factor that you are changing/investigating.
10 of 51
Give the definition for: Dependent variable.
Is the factor you are measuring/the results.
11 of 51
Give the definition for: Habitat.
a place in which an organism lives.
12 of 51
Give the definition for: control variables.
The variables that you keep the same otherwise you wouldn't know what was causing a change in the dependent variable - to have a fair test.
13 of 51
Give the definition for: competition.
where an organism strives for a limited resource e.g. food, mate, territory, light, water or space.
14 of 51
Give the definition for: extremophile.
organisms that survive and reproduce in the most difficult conditions. e.g. bacteria can survive at a temperature between 45 and 85 degrees Celsius, or survive at temperatures as low as -15 degrees Celsius.
15 of 51
What do plants often compete with each other for?
Light, space, water and nutrients.
16 of 51
What do animals often compete with each other for?
Food, mates and territory.
17 of 51
Give the definition for: a tissue.
A tissue is a group of cells with similar structure and functions.
18 of 51
Give the definition for: an organ.
Organs are made of tissues. One organ may contain several tissues.
19 of 51
Give the definition for: an organ system.
Organ systems are groups of organs that perform a particular function.
20 of 51
Put these in order of size, smallest to largest: organ, tissue, cell, organ system
Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems.
21 of 51
Name the three types of animal tissues.
Muscular tissue, Glandular tissue, Epithelial tissue.
22 of 51
What can muscular tissue do?
Contract to bring about movement.
23 of 51
What can glandular tissue do?
Produce substances such as enzymes and hormones.
24 of 51
What can epithelial tissue do?
Cover and protect some parts of the body.
25 of 51
Describe why the stomach is an organ.
It contains muscular tissue, to allow contents to move through the digestive system; glandular tissue, to produce digestive juices; epithelial tissue, to cover the outside and inside of the stomach.
26 of 51
Name the five parts of the digestive system and explain what each part does.
The digestive system includes: glands, produce digestive juices; stomach, digestion occurs; liver, produces bile; small intestine, soluble food is absorbed; the large intestine, water is absorbed from undigested food.
27 of 51
Name the 4 examples of plant tissues and their functions.
Epidermal tissues, which cover the plant; Palisade mesophyll, which carries out photosynthesis; Spongy mesophyll, which has air spaces to facilitate diffusion of gases; xylem and phloem, which transports substances around the plant.
28 of 51
Name the plant organs.
Plant organs include stem, roots and leaves.
29 of 51
What is the function and adaptation of a xylem cell?
To transport water through the plant; made of dead cells so that it is hollow and less resistance to water movement.
30 of 51
What is the function and adaptation of a Muscle cell?
To allow you to move; elongated and many mitochondria to release energy.
31 of 51
What is the function and adaptation of a sperm cell?
Fertilise the egg; has a tail for swimming, many mitochondria and mainly nucleus.
32 of 51
Substances move in and out of cells by ______, but this can only happen over a _____ distance. In larger animals, a _____ system is needed to bring _____ and ______ to the cells, and to remove waste ___ and ______ from the cells.
diffusion, short, transport, glucose, oxygen, CO2, water.
33 of 51
Why is the upper epidermis in a leaf transparent?
It allows light to pass through it to the pallisade layer of tissue where photosynthesis can take place.
34 of 51
What is the function of this plant organ: Leaf?
Photosynthesis, Nutrition, Gas Exchange - stomata and guard cells.
35 of 51
What is the function of this plant organ: Flower?
Reproduction - ovules, seeds.
36 of 51
What is the function of this plant organ: Stem?
Transport, Xylem - water from roots to leaves, Phloem - transport sugar from leaves to rest of plant, Support.
37 of 51
What is the function of this plant organ: Roots?
Nutients - minerals, irons, water, Anchoring.
38 of 51
Give the definition of: mutation.
A change in the DNA in the nucleus (or string of DNA) of a cell.
39 of 51
Give the definition of: immunisation.
Protecting your body against a pathogen/disease before they come into contact.
40 of 51
Give the definition of: vaccination.
Injection of dead/inactive pathogens of a virus you are trying to prevent. WBC respond more quickly before you become immune.
41 of 51
Give the definition of: antibiotic resistance.
The ability of a pathogen to be resistant towards an antibiotic. Some develop a mutation in order to become resistant.
42 of 51
Give the definition of: antibiotic.
a drug or compound which destroys bacteria. (NOT virus)
43 of 51
Give the definition of: pathogen.
a micro-organism which causes disease.
44 of 51
Give the definition of: toxin.
a toxic that pathogens release which causes disease.
45 of 51
Give the definition of: antibody.
special types of proteins that are complementary to the shape of a specific antigen.
46 of 51
Give the definition of: antitoxin.
Neutralises poison/toxin.
47 of 51
How do bacteria make us ill?
They make us feel ill by entering our body, reproducing and then releasing substances called toxins.
48 of 51
How do viruses make us ill?
They enter our cells and reproduce inside our cells. They then burst out of the cell, damaging it.
49 of 51
What are the three things that White Blood Cells do to defend our bodies against diseases?
Ingesting and destroying micro-organisms, Producing antibodies and Producing antitoxins which neutralise the toxins released by the pathogen.
50 of 51
What do antibodies do to help defend our bodies from diseases?
The antibodies are a complementary shape to the antigens on the pathogens so they can target and destroy them. Once your WBCs have produced antibodies against a particular pathogen, they can produce them more rapidly if the pathogen invades again.
51 of 51

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Give the definition for: abiotic.

Back

non-living factors in a habitat.

Card 3

Front

What is random sampling used for?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What are the first 4 steps of random sampling?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What are the next 4 steps of random sampling?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Biology resources:

BIOLOGY
See all Biology resources »See all distribution of organisms, adaptations and survival, tissues, organs and organ systems resources »