Biology Retake

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What is metabolic rate?
The speed at which chemical reactions take place in our bodies.
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What happens to the metabolic rate after exercise?
It stays high (good) for a while.
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What is a feature of LDLs? (low-density lippoproteins)
They carry cholesterol from the liver to the cells of the body.
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What is best for a healthy heart?
A higher proportion of HDLs to LDLs
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What is a pathogen?
A microorganism that causes disease.
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What is the main problem with bacteria?
They produce toxins.
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What is the main problem with viruses?
They damage the host cell when they reproduce
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What is a function of a white blood cell?
White blood cells ingest and destroy pathogens.
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What is a function of antibodies?
To lock on to antigens
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What does passive immunity involve?
Receiving antibodies.
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How do antibiotics work?
They stop bacteria from reproducing.
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What does a vaccination involve?
Injecting an inactive form of pathogen to stimulate immunity
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Why is it important to use antibiotics carefully?
Overusing them can reduce the spread of resistant strains
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According to Darwin's theory of evolution, how do new species evolve?
By natural selection.
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Which individuals most likely to survive to reproduce?
Those that are well suited to their environment
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What is likely to happen to an individual if it is poorly suited to its environment?
It will not survive to reproduce
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What sort of variation is inherited?
Genetic variation
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Why are white peppered moths likely to be more common than black ones in country areas?
White peppered moths are more difficult for birds to see on clean birch bark
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Which is one of the reasons why Lamarck's theory of evolution was discredited?
It could not explain why simple organisms continue to exist on Earth
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Which of these organisms is a producer - pondweed, mayfly nymph or brown trout?
Pondweed
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What conditions are best for decay?
Warm and moist
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Why do materials decay?
Because they're digested by microorganisms
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How come carbon is found in all living cells?
Because all cells contains proteins, fats, and carbohydrates, which obtain carbon when created by plants
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What is the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
It is found in very small concentrations - about 4 to 10000
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How does carbon get from the air to plants?
Because plants remove CO2 from the atmosphere
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How does carbon get from plants to animals?
Because animals digest and process the plants, as well as their proteins, carbohydrates and fats, which contain carbon
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How does carbon get from animals to microorganisms?
Microorganisms feed on animal waste and dead animals after they have obtained carbon from plants
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How does carbon get from microorganisms to plants?
Microorganisms and detritus feeders put carbon into the soil, which are taken up by plants as nutrients
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What is the vital chemical reaction that takes place inside cells?
Respiration
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What is a waste product of respiration?
Carbon dioxide
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How does carbon dioxide get back into the atmosphere?
When cells respire
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How else does carbon dioxide get back into the air?
When wood and fossil fuels are burnt
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What happens to the metabolic rate after exercise?

Back

It stays high (good) for a while.

Card 3

Front

What is a feature of LDLs? (low-density lippoproteins)

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is best for a healthy heart?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is a pathogen?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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