Biology - Paper 2 Specification 0.0 / 5 ? BiologyeverythingIGCSEEdexcel Created by: lauren1998Created on: 11-11-13 17:09 IMPORTANCE OF TURGID PLANT CELLS They support the structure of the plant and if flaccid, the plant shrinks and begins to die 1 of 28 BALANCED DIET Include appropriate portions of: CARBOHYDRATE/PROTEIN/LIPID/VITAMINS/MINERALS/WATER/DIETARY FIBRE 2 of 28 ENERGY REQUIREMENTS ACTIVITY LEVELS, AGE, PREGNANCY determine the amount 3 of 28 RESPIRATION- CO2 + O2 Respiration continues day and night / net exchange of CO2 + O2 depend on light intensity 4 of 28 PHLOEM Transports sucrose and amino acids between the leaves and other parts of the plant 5 of 28 VACCINATION Results in the manufacture of memory cells - ensure future antibody production to the pathogen to occur sooner - faster and in greater quantity 6 of 28 PLATELETS Involved in blood clotting - which prevents blood loss and entry of microoragnisms 7 of 28 EYE FUNCTION- LIGHT INTENSITY BRIGHT = smaller pupil / DIM = enlarged pupil 8 of 28 EYE FUNCTION- FOCUS NEAR = ciliary muscles contract, suspensory ligaments go slack / FAR = ciliary muscles relax, suspensory ligaments pull tight 9 of 28 TEMPERATURE REGULATION Heat in the body is lost through SWEATING and VASODILATION 10 of 28 VASODILATION Relaxation of muscle within the wall of a blood vessle - brings them close to the skin so heat can be lost / decrease in vascular resistance 11 of 28 VASOCONSTRICTION Contraction of muscle within the wall of a blood vessle - draws vessle away from the skin and keeps heat within body / increase in vascular resistance 12 of 28 CONDITIONS NEEDED FOR SEED GERMINATION WARMTH= enzyme efficiency WATER= chemical reactions taking place in solution OXYGEN=respiration to provide energy 13 of 28 GERMINATION = UTILISATION OF FOOD RESERVES COTYLEDONS (seed leaves) act as a food source. 14 of 28 ROLE OF PLACENTA Passes FOOD and OXYGEN from the mother to the developing fetus / Takes CO2 and UREA from fetus to mother 15 of 28 AMNIOTIC FLUID The baby is PROTECTED by amniotic fluid. It cushions it as it develops 16 of 28 DOMINANT Character they code shows in appearance of individual, WHETHER 1 OR 2 ALLELES are inherited 17 of 28 RECESSIVE Character they code shows in appearance of individual, ONLY IF ALLELE IS PRESENT ON BOTH CHROMOSOMES 18 of 28 HOMOZYGOUS Both ALLELES are the SAME 19 of 28 HETEROZYGOUS TWO DIFFERENT ALLELES 20 of 28 PHENOTYPE PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS with respect to genotype 21 of 28 GENOTYPE DESCRIBES ALLELES that a cell or organism has for a PARTICULAR FEATURE 22 of 28 CODOMINANCE When NEITHER ALLELE IS DOMINANT and BOTH CONTRIBUTE to the appearance of the offspring 23 of 28 RADIATION & CHEMICALS = MUTATION Mutations can be increased by exposure to IONISING RADIATION (gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet) and some CHEMICAL MUTAGENTS(in tobacco) 24 of 28 POLLUTION OF WATER BY SEWAGE - BIOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES Can cause a lack of oxygen in water. This is called EUTROPHICATION. It also increases the number of microorganisms. Animals cannot survive in it 25 of 28 YOGHURT PRODUCTION Lactobacillus ferments the sugar Lactose, into Lactic Acid 26 of 28 TRANSGENIC The transfer of genetic material from one species to a different species 27 of 28 POTENTIAL FOR CLONED TRANSGENIC ANIMALS can produce commercial quantities of human antibodies or organ transplantation 28 of 28
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