Biology - lungs and disease
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- Created by: I.m
- Created on: 15-11-12 18:56
What happens to the external intercostal muscle when you breathe in?
The external intercostal muscle contracts raising the ribs upwards and outwards.
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What happens to the diaphragm when you breathe in?
The diaphragm contracts and descends.
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What happens when your external intercostal muscle contracts and your ribs rise and your diaphragm contracts and descends and what is the result of this?
Both these actions increase the volume inside the thorax causing the pressure to decrease. Since atmospheric pressure is greater, air rushes into the lungs and they inflate.
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What happens to your external intercostal muscle when you breathe out?
The external intercostal muscle relaxes lowering the ribs downwards and inwards.
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What happens to the diaphragm when you breathe out?
The diaphragm relaxes and rises into a domed position.
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What happens when your intercostal muscles relax and your ribslower and your diaphragm relaxes and rises into a domed position and what is the result of this?
? Both these actions decrease the volume inside the thorax causing the pressure to increase. Air is forced out of the lungs as the elastic tissue of the alveoli recoils.
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Define tidal volume.
Tidal volume is the volume of air inhaled/exhaled during normal (relaxed) ventilation.
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Define inspiratory capacity.
Inspiratory capacity is the maximum possible volume of air inhaled after a relaxed exhalation.
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Define expiratory capacity.
Expiratory capacity is the maximum possible volume of air exhaled after a relaxed inhalation.
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Define vital capacity.
Vital capacity is the maximum possible volume of air exhaled after maximum inhalation.
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Define residual volume.
The volume of a remaining in the lungs after maximum exhalation.
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Define total lung capacity.
The total volume of air the lungs can hold after a maximum inhalation.
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What is pulmonary ventilation?
The total volume of air that is moved to the lungs in one minute.
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Give the formula for pulmonary ventilation along with its units.
Pulmonary ventilation (dm-³min-¹) = tidal volume (dm³) x breaths per min (min-¹).
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Define diffusion.
The movement of molecules or ions from a region where they are in high concentration to one where their concentration is lower.
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What is Fick’s Law?
Rate of diffusion is proportional to surface area x difference in concentration/thickness of exchange surface.
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How are the lungs adapted for rapid exchange/diffusion? Give one reason.
1.) The lungs contain many alveoli and the alveoli walls are folded. They also have many capillaries which provides a large surface area so rapid diffusion.
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How are the lungs adapted for rapid exchange/diffusion? Give another reason.
2.) The alveoli and capillary walls (the exchange surfaces) are very thin (squamous epithelium). This means that there is a short diffusion pathway which increases rate of diffusion.
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How are the lungs adapted for rapid exchange/diffusion? Give another reason.
3.) Ventilation of the lungs and circulation of the blood maintains a steep concentration gradient.
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What are the causes of asthma?
Causes of asthma include genetic influence, increase in stress. Air pollution, pollen, dust ---- inflames lining of the airways.
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What are the three effects of asthma?
Difficulty in breathing, wheezing and tight feeling in chest.
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What are the causes of pulmonary fibrosis?
Formation of scar tissue in the lungs. As a result of an infection and exposure to substance like asbestous.
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What are the effects of pulmonary fibrosis?
Shortness of breath and weakness and fatigue.
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What are the causes of emphysema?
Smoking or long term exposure to air pollution.
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What are the effects of emphysema?
Difficulty in breathing and bluish skin colouration.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What happens to the diaphragm when you breathe in?
Back
The diaphragm contracts and descends.
Card 3
Front
What happens when your external intercostal muscle contracts and your ribs rise and your diaphragm contracts and descends and what is the result of this?
Back
Card 4
Front
What happens to your external intercostal muscle when you breathe out?
Back
Card 5
Front
What happens to the diaphragm when you breathe out?
Back
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