Particles of a substance move from a region where they are in high concentration to a region of low concentration.
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Definition of active transport?
A transport process which is used to move dissolved molecules from low concentration to high concentration, against a concentration gradient.
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What does active transport need in order to take place?
Energy from respiration.
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Examples of active transport.
Root hair cells in plant roots- use active transport to absorb mineral ions (such as nitrates) from the soil. Small intestine villi cells- use active transport alongside diffusion to maximise the absorption of glucose and other substances, eg miner
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Definition of osmosis?
The movement of water molecules from a dilute solution (with a high proportion of water molecules) to a more concentrated solution (with a low proportion of water molecules) across a partially permeable membrane.
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Sports drinks contain what and what are they're jobs?
Water/Ions- Replaced, as lost during sweating. Sugar- Replace energy used during exercise.
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Efficient exchange surfaces include...?
Large surface area- greater exchange. Thin exchange surface- shorter diffusion path. (Animals)Efficient blood supply- distributes the exchanged materials to all cells of the body. Being ventilated- ensures that a concentration gradient is maintained
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Villi increase surface area of the...? Aveoli increase the surface area of the...?
1) Small intestine. 2) Lungs.
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Why are the villi good at exchanging material?
Massive surface area- greater exchange. Lots of blood capillaries- absorb more food.
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What is gas exchange?
The 'swapping’ of gases between the alveolar air and the blood
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Where are the lungs located?
In the thorax.
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First steps of the gas exchange process?
1) Air is firstly warmed, moistened and filtered as it travels through the mouth and nasal passages. 2) It then passes through the trachea and down one of the two bronchi and into one of the lungs.
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Last steps of the gas exchange process?
3) After travelling into the many bronchioles, it finally passes into some of the millions of tiny sacs called alveoli, which have the specialised surfaces for gas exchange.
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When you breathe in/out your diaphragm, what does it do?
In- Ribcage moves up and out, diaphragm flatterns. Out- Ribcage moves in and down, diaphragm moves up (relaxes).
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Describe the air in the aveoli gas exchange process?
Blood arriving in the alveoli has a lower oxygen concentration (as it has been used for respiration by the body’s cells), while the air in the alveoli has a higher oxygen concentration.
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Describe the process of the aveolis?
Carbon dioxide is absorbed, oxygen moves into the blood by diffusion and combines with the haemoglobin in red blood cells to form oxyhaemoglobin.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Definition of active transport?
Back
A transport process which is used to move dissolved molecules from low concentration to high concentration, against a concentration gradient.
Card 3
Front
What does active transport need in order to take place?
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