Biology Flashcards 0.0 / 5 ? BiologyBiological moleculesASAQA Created by: Mason CaineCreated on: 04-11-13 16:20 Name 4 items that living things need to survive? 1.Oxygen 2.Glucose 3.Proteins 4.Fats 5.Minerals 1 of 34 What is oxygen needed for? Aerobic respiration 2 of 34 What is glucose needed for? A source of energy 3 of 34 What are proteins needed for? Growth/Repair 4 of 34 What are fats needed for? Making membranes and storing energy 5 of 34 What are Minerals needed for? Maintaining water potential/enzyme action 6 of 34 3 things that make for an efficient exchange surface? Large SA 1.Thin Barrier 2.Active transport system 3.Specialised exchange surfaces 7 of 34 Where does gas exchange occur in the lungs? Alveoli 8 of 34 How are the alveoli adapted? 1.Large SA 2.Permeable barrier to oxygen and CO2 3.Thin Barrier 9 of 34 What is spirometry? The measurement of breath 10 of 34 What is tidal volume? Each breath at rest 11 of 34 What is residual volume? Amount left after 1 breath 12 of 34 What is dead space? Amount of air in trachea, bronchioles, and bronchus 13 of 34 What is vital capacity? Amount you can breath out in 1 breath 14 of 34 What is inspiratory reserve volume? Amount of air remaining in lungs after a breath in 15 of 34 What is expiratory reserve volume? Amount of air remaining in lungs after a breath out 16 of 34 Describe inspiration? 1.Intercostal and Diaphragm muscles contract 2.Ribcage moves up and out 3.Lung pressure decreases 4.Air flows into lungs 17 of 34 Describe expiration? 1.Intercostal and diaphragm muscles relax 2.Ribcage moves downwards and inwards 3.Air pressure increases 4.Air forced out of lungs 18 of 34 What circulatory system do fish have? Singular circulatory system 19 of 34 What circulatory system do mammals have? Double circulatory system 20 of 34 Describe a double circulatory system? The blood passes through the heart TWICE for a complete circuit of the body 21 of 34 Describe a single circulatory system? Blood only passes through the heart ONCE for each complete circuit of the body 22 of 34 What is an open circulatory system? Blood reaches the entire body in vessels (found in insects) 23 of 34 Describe an artery? 1.Small lumen 2.Thick elastic fibres 3.Folded endothelium 24 of 34 Describe a vein? 1.Large lumen 2.Thin elastic fibres 3.Unfolded endothelium 4.Valves present 25 of 34 Describe a capillary? Just an endothelium (one cell thick) 26 of 34 Describe how a heartbeat occurs? SAN makes electrical charge (contracting atria) -> Travels to AVN -> AVN continues it to bundle of his -> Purkyne Tissue (contracting ventricles) 27 of 34 What is the SAN? Sino-atrial node 28 of 34 What is the AVN? Atrio-ventricular node 29 of 34 What is the function of the red blood cell? Transport oxygen around the body 30 of 34 What is the function of the neutrophils (phagocytes)? Engulf/Destroy pathogens 31 of 34 What is the function of lymphocytes? Produce antibodies and antitoxins 32 of 34 What is the function of platelets? Blood clotting/Preventing blood loss 33 of 34 What is the function of plasma? Transporting substances around the body 34 of 34
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