Biology Flash cards 5.0 / 5 based on 2 ratings ? BiologyHuman, animal and plant physiologyASOCR Created by: CashewTomCreated on: 04-11-13 23:32 Factors that affect diffusion: Surface area, Thin barrier, Fresh supplies of molecules on one side(maintain concentration gradient), Removal of molecules on other side (Same reason) 1 of 25 How the lungs are adapted for exchange: Large surface area, Permeable barrier, Thin barrier to reduce diffusion distance, Maintaining the diffusion gradient 2 of 25 Stages of Inhaling (Inspiration) Diaphragm contracts, Intercostal muscles contract, Volume of chest cavity increases, Pressure drops below atmospheric, air moves into lungs 3 of 25 Stages of Exhaling (Expiration) Diaphragm relaxes, Intercostal muscles relax, Volume of chest cavity decreases, Pressure in lungs increases, Air moves out of lungs 4 of 25 Tidal volume Volume of air moved in and out of lungs with each breath at rest 5 of 25 Vital Capacity Largest volume of air moved in and out of lungs in any one breath 6 of 25 Residual volume the volume of air that always remains in the lungs even after the biggest possible exhalation 7 of 25 Dead space the air in the bronchioles, bronchi and trachea. no gas exchange between this air and the blood 8 of 25 Inspiratory reserve volume volume of air that can be breathed in above the normal tidal volume 9 of 25 Expiratory reserve volume volume of air that can be breathed out above the normal tidal volume 10 of 25 Single circulatory Heart --> Gills --> Body --> Heart 11 of 25 Double circulatory Heart --> Body --> Heart --> Lungs --> Heart 12 of 25 Left Atrium Collects the oxygenated blood and pumps it to the left ventricle 13 of 25 Semi-lunar valves Prevent the backflow of blood from the arteries into the ventricles 14 of 25 Vena Cava Carries deoxygenated blood from the body to the right atrium 15 of 25 Left Ventricle Pumps oxygenated blood to the body via the aorta 16 of 25 Right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs 17 of 25 Pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs 18 of 25 Aorta Carries the oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body 19 of 25 Right atrium collects deoxygenated blood and pumps it to the right ventricle 20 of 25 Pulmonary veins Carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium 21 of 25 Septum Separates the left and right sides of the heart 22 of 25 Atrio ventricular valves prevent backflow of blood into the atria when the ventricles contract 23 of 25 Thickness of capillary walls one cell thick (faster diffusion) 24 of 25 What is used as a filter in a spirometer? Soda lime 25 of 25
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