why is glucose not good storage for cells in the body?
glucose is soluble so lowers water potential of cells, water would move enter cells by osmosis and burst
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what is a eukaryotic cell
has membrane bound organelles
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how is pulse rate measured
find the position of the artery, using two fingers press firmly the artery against the bone and count how many beats per minute dont use forefinger or thumb as they have a pulse
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what is the effect of exercise on the heart
muscles contract more there is an increased blood flow and a greater supply of oxygen for increased rate of respiration
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what is a double circulatory system
has two seperate circuits it has a systemic and pulmonary circuit
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what is a closed circulatory system
blood is constricted within vessels
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advantages of a double circulatory system
oxygenated and deoxygenated blood dont mix and to maintain blood pressure within the system
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why do large organisms need a double circulatory system
humans have high requirements off oxygen and nutrients and diffusion is too slow to meet the demands
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how is a vein adapted to the function
thin wall because blood is at low pressure, wide lumen so blood flows slow and at a low pressure and valves to prevent backflow
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describe the tertiary strucutre of a globular protein
there is a polypeptide chain which if formed from a chain of amino acids folded to form a specific 3d shape held in shape by bonds between r groups there are hydophobic hydrophillic ionic disulphide bonds
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describe and effect of a low conc of fibrinogen on blood clotting line
clotting time increases there is a lower number of successful collisions there are more vacant active sites fewer esc made so les fibrin produced
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LUNGS - large surface
large numbers off alveoli
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LUNGS - thin surface
alveoli walls are lined with squamous epithelial cells
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LUNGS - steep diffusion gradient across the surface
air inhaled with a high conc of oxygen the oxygenated blood is carred away from the alveoli and the deoxygenated blood is carried to the alveoli
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LUNGS - prevention of being dried
surfacant lines the alveoli
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LUNGS - where are the elastic fibres found in lungs
trachea
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whats the role of these elastic fibres
stretches as air moves in and recoils to help air force out
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