Biology - Enzymes - B2.5.2
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- Created by: shcoool
- Created on: 14-05-15 22:27
What is an enzyme?
A protein that is a biological catalyst
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What is vital for the enzyme's function?
The shape
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What is an active site?
The part that that temporarily binds itself to the substrate.
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How does it function?
The substrate attaches itself to the active site, which has a specific shape, and completes the reaction only at a certain temperature an dpH.
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What happens when the temperature is too high?
The enzyme's active site changes irreversibly and it is said to be denatured. It can;t function anymore.
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What relates enzymes to pH?
Different enzymes work best at different pHs. It will not function if the pH is far from the optimum pH
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Where are enzymes for digestion produced?
In glands and in the lining of the gut
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What do digestive enzymes do?
They catalyse the breakdown of large insoluble molecules into smaller soluble molecules so that they can be absorbed
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Where is amylase produced?
salivary glands, the pancreas and the small intestine
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What does amylase catalyse and where?
breakdown of starch into sugars in the mouth and small intestine
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Where is protease produced?
the stomach, the pancreas and the small intestine
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What does protease catalyse and where?
proteins into amino acids in the stomach and the small intestine
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Which pH does protease work best at and how does it make that?
2 and the stomach produces hydrochloric acid
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Where is lipase produced?
In the pancreas and small intestine
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What does lipase catalyse and where?
lips (fats and oils) into fatty acids and glycerol in the small intestine
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Where is bile produced and stored?
In the liver and stored in the gall bladder before being released into the small intestine
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What does it do and why?
neutralises acid that was added to the food in the stomach. Provides alkaline conditions in which enzymes in the small intestine work best at
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What else does it do?
emulsifies lipids, breaking large drops into smaller droplets, increasing the surface area for lipase to digest the lips more quickly
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Name an enzyme that can be used in the home and its use
protease and lipase as biological detergents. More effective at lower temperatures so conserves energy and fuel.
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Name three enzymes that can be used in industry and their uses
protease - predigest protein in baby food, carbohydrase - convert starch into sugar syrup, isomerase - glucose into fructose which is sweeter so used in smaller quantities in slimming foods
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What can enzymes be used for in industry?
Reacts things at normal temperatures and pressures so is less expensive and environmentally friendly
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Disadvantages of using enzymes at high temperatures?
denatured at high temperatures, costly to produce
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is vital for the enzyme's function?
Back
The shape
Card 3
Front
What is an active site?
Back
Card 4
Front
How does it function?
Back
Card 5
Front
What happens when the temperature is too high?
Back
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