What are new medical drugs extensively tested for?
Toxicity, efficacy and dose
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Name the three main stages of drug testing
Laboratory, clinical trials and double blind trials
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Expand on the first stage of drug testing
In the laboratory, the drug is tested on cells, tissues and animals for toxicity
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Expand on the second stage of drug testing
In clinical trials involving healthy volunteers and patients. Low doses are given at the start. If drug is safe, further trials to determine optimum dose for maximum efficacy. Also tested for side effects.
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Expand on the third stage of drug testing
Double blind trials - where some patients are given a placebo. Both the doctor and patient do know what it is.
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What is a placebo? Why is it used?
A medicine that looks real but has no working ingredient. The aim is to see whether it's the drug that helps the disease and not just the psychological effect.
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Define double blind trial
When neither the doctor nor patient know whether the medicine is a placebo or medicine. This is to prevent any bias in the results
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What are statins used for?
They are used to lower the risk of heart and circulatory diseases
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What was thalidomide developed for?
Sleeping pill
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What else was it used for?
Treating morning sickness in pregnant women. It had not been tested on pregnant women before.
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What happened to the babies?
Born with limb deformities.
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What happened as a result?
Drug testing became more rigorous. Now used for leprosy.
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Name three illegal recreational drugs
Cannabis, heroin, cocaine and ecstasy
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Name two three legal recreational drugs
Caffeine, nicotine and alcohol
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What are the effects of misusing legal recreational drugs?
Alcohol - alcohol poisoning, liver damage Nicotine - lung cancer
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What is cannabis?
Cannabis is illegal and can cause mental illness in some people.
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What can happen after taking a drug for a long time?
Your chemical processes in your body change and you become addicted. You suffer withdrawal symptoms
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Which has a bigger impact: illegal or legal?
Legal because more people take them,
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What can an athlete do to enhance their performance?
Take drugs. Some banned others not. All forbidden by sporting regulations.
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