Biology (B2) - Cells, Tissues and Organs

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  • Created by: Roma
  • Created on: 20-12-13 16:02
What do most human/animal cells contain?
Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria and ribosomes.
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What is a nucleus?
Where the cell's activity is controlled.
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What is cytoplasm?
Where chemical reactions take place.
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What is a cell membrane?
Where he movement of materials in and our of a cell are controlled.
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What is mitochondria?
Where energy is released during aerobic respiration.
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What are ribosomes?
Where protein synthesis takes place.
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What do plant and algae cells contain?
Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosome, chloroplasts and a permanent vacuole filled with sap.
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What is a cell wall?
A rigid wall for support that is made of cellulose.
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What do chloroplasts contain?
Chlorophyll for photosynthesis. The chloroplast absorb light energy to make food.
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What size are bacteria?
Very small and can only be seen with a powerful microscope. They can be seen by the naked eye when they form a colony.
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What do bacteria contain?
A membrane and a cell wall which surround cytoplasm. They do not have a nucleus so the genetic material is in the cytoplasm.
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What is yeast?
A single celled organism. They have a nucleus, cytoplasm, and a membrane surrounded by a cell wall.
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Why would a cell have many mitochondria?
It must need a lot of energy e.g. muscle cells.
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Why would a cell have many ribosomes?
It must be making a lot of protein e.g. gland cells.
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Why would a cell have a tail?
So it can move fast.
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What do receptor cells have?
Specialised structures which enable them to detect stimuli.
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Why are neuron cells specialised?
So they can carry impulses from the receptor to the CNS.
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Why would a plant leaf cells have many chloroplasts?
So it can photosynthesise.
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What do root hair cells do?
Increase the surface area of the root so that it can absorb water and mineral ions efficiently.
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What is diffusion?
The spreading out of the particles of as fas, or any substance in a solution.
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What does the net movement into or out of cells depend on?
The concentration of the particles on each side of the cell membrane.
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Why is there a net movement?
Because the particles move randomly from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration.
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What is the concentration gradient?
The difference in concentration between two areas. The larger the difference in concentration, the faster the rate of diffusion.
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What is an example of diffusion?
The diffusion of oxygen into the cells of the body from the bloodstream as the cells are respiring.
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What is a tissue?
A group of cells with similar structure and function.
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What happens during the development of multicellular organisms?
The cells differentiate.
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Give examples of animal tissue?
Muscle tissue - which contracts to move. Glandular tissue - produces substances such as enzymes or hormones. Epithelial tissue - covers some parts of the body.
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Give examples of plant tissue?
Epidermal tissue - covers the plant. Mesophyll - photosynthesises. Xylem and Phloem - transport substances around the plant.
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What is the stomach made of?
Muscular tissue to churn the stomach contents. Glandular tissue to produce digestive juices. Epithelial tissue to cover the outside and inside of the stomach.
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Why must food be changed from insoluble molecules to soluble molecules?
So that it can be absorbed in the blood. The digestive system is responsible for this.
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Describe the digestive system?
Glands - produce juices. Stomach and small intestine - digestion. Liver - produces bile. Small intestine - absorbtion of soluble food. Large intestine - water is absorbed from undigested food to produce faeces.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is a nucleus?

Back

Where the cell's activity is controlled.

Card 3

Front

What is cytoplasm?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is a cell membrane?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is mitochondria?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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