Materials from their surroundings and from the other organisms living there.
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What do plants need to survive?
Light, carbon dioxide, water, oxygen and nutrients, such as minerals ions from the soil.
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What do animals need to survive?
Food from other organisms, water and oxygen.
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What do micro-organisms need to survive?
Different materials. Some are like plants, some are like animals, and some do not need oxygen or light to survive.
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Why are adaptations important?
Allow organisms to survive in a particular habitat, even when the conditions are extreme.
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Why do plants have adaptaions?
To obtain light and other materials efficiently in order to make food for photosynthesis.
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What are extremophiles?
Microorganisms which are adapted to live conditions where enzymes won't usually work because they would denature (40 degrees +).
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How are animals in cold climates adapted?
They have thick fur and fat under the skin to keep them warm. Some animals are white in winter and brown in summer so they are camouflaged and not easily seen. They have a small surface area: volume ratio.
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How are bigger animals adapted?
They have smaller surface areas compared to their volume. This means that they can conserve energy more easily but it is more difficult to cool down.
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How are animals in hot dry climates adapted?
They are adapted to conserve water and stop them getting too hot. Animals in the desert may hunt or feed at night so that they remain cool during the day.
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How are plants adapted?
Water can be collected through an extensive root system and conserved if the plant has small or waxy leaves. A plant might have a swollen stem to store water.
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How are plants adapted so they are not eaten?
Some plants have developed thorns, poisonous chemicals and warning colours to put animals off.
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How do plants prevent having to compete with each other?
Spreading their seeds. Some do this by using animals, others by wind or mini explosions.
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What non living factors which affect the environment?
Temperature, rainfall, light and oxygen levels.
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What living factors might affect the environment?
Arrival of a new predator or disease, or the introduction of new plants which might produce new food or habitats.
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Why are lichens useful?
They are an indicator species which indicate the level of air pollution. The more species of lichen, the cleaner the air. T
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Why are freshwater invertebrates useful?
The indicate the level of water pollution. The wider the range of these invertebrates the cleaner the water. Some will only live in polluted water.
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What equipment can be used to monitor non living changes in the environment?
Rain gauges, thermometers, pH and oxygen sensors and loggers.
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What can affect the distribution of living organisms?
Changes in the environment.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What do plants need to survive?
Back
Light, carbon dioxide, water, oxygen and nutrients, such as minerals ions from the soil.
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