Biology - Animal Survival

?
What is the need for food by animals?
Growth, Movement, Reproduction, Warmth
1 of 77
What is digestion the breakdown of?
Large particles into smaller particles to allow them to be absorbed through the small intestine wall into the blood
2 of 77
What are the four types of teeth?
Incisors, Canines, Pre molars, Molars
3 of 77
What are the incisors for?
Piercing
4 of 77
What are the canines for?
Gripping/Tearing meat
5 of 77
Pre molars/ Molars are for?
crushing/grinding
6 of 77
What are herbivores?
animals which just eat just plants
7 of 77
What do omnivores eat?
both plants and animals
8 of 77
What do carnivores eat?
just animals
9 of 77
What are chemicals that breakdown food called?
enzymes
10 of 77
What are the structures of the small intestine related to?
It's function is very long, folded, finger like projections called villi. All of these give a large surface area for food absorption.
11 of 77
Where does the final re absorption of water occur?
large intestine
12 of 77
What are the chemical elements in carbohydrates?
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
13 of 77
What are the chemical elements in fat?
carbon hydrogen and oxygen
14 of 77
What are the chemical elements in protein?
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitfrogen
15 of 77
What are the simple units of carbohydrates?
Sugars e.g glucose
16 of 77
What are the simple units of fats?
fatty acids and glycerol
17 of 77
What are the simple units of proteins?
Amino Acids
18 of 77
Digestion is the breakdown of?
Large insoluble particles into small soluble particles
19 of 77
What are the main sites for production of digestive enzymes?
salivary glands, stomach, pancreas, liver and small intestine
20 of 77
What is peristalsis?
the movement of food through the gut, it involves the muscles contracting behind food and muscles re;axing in front of the food
21 of 77
How do contractions of the stomach help in digestion?
they mix the food with enzymes
22 of 77
What are carbohydrates broken down by?
Amylase enzymes. into sugars (glucose)
23 of 77
What are fats broken down by?
Lipase enzymes. into fatty acids and glycerol
24 of 77
What are proteins broken down by?
Pepsin enzymes. into amino acids
25 of 77
Why are the villi in the small intestine efficient?
They are very thin. have lacteal - for fats and glycerol to pass into. They have a blood supply - for glucose and amino acids to pass into.
26 of 77
How can a mammal lose water?
in sweat, urine, faeces, respiration
27 of 77
How can a mammal gain water?
in food, drink, chemical reactions
28 of 77
What are the organs which control water regulation?
the kidneys
29 of 77
What are the main functions of the kidney?
filteration and reabsorption
30 of 77
Where do the renal arteries carry blood to?
the kidneys
31 of 77
Where do the renal veins carry blood to?
away from the kidneys
32 of 77
What is the function of the ureter?
carries urine from kidneys to the bladder
33 of 77
What is the function of the bladder?
stores urine until ready for excretion
34 of 77
What is the waste product removed in the urine called?
Urea
35 of 77
What happens if the kidneys are damaged?
The urea builds up in the body. It is a poisonous waste.
36 of 77
Where is the hormone ADH produced in?
the pituitary glads - in the brain
37 of 77
What does ADH control?
how much water is reabsorbed by the kidneys
38 of 77
What happens if the water levels in blood are high?
less ADH is produced, so less water is reabsorbed
39 of 77
What is the kidney nephron made up of?
glomerulus, bowmans capsule, loop of henle, blood capillaries, collecting duct.
40 of 77
Where does filtration occur?
glomerulus
41 of 77
Where does the filtered blood enter?
the bowmans capsule
42 of 77
Where is the side of water & glucose reabsorbsion?
loop of henle
43 of 77
Where do the wastes of reabsorbsion travel to?
collecting duct
44 of 77
Where is urea made in?
the liver
45 of 77
What is urea made from?
Protein
46 of 77
What is the substance urea and water make called?
Urine
47 of 77
What are the benefits of a kidney transplant?
can travel anywhere - not attached to machine
48 of 77
What are the limitations of a kidney transplant?
Must be on drugs whole life - body may reject kidney
49 of 77
Benefits of a kidney machine? (Dialasis)
Dont need to be on drugs
50 of 77
Limitations of a kidney machine?
Must be near machine - in out of hospital 24/7
51 of 77
What are sperm?
Male sex cells - very small - tail for swimming to egg
52 of 77
Where are sperm produced?
Testes
53 of 77
What are eggs?
Female sex cells - larger than sperm and contain food stores
54 of 77
Where are eggs produced?
Ovaries
55 of 77
Fertilisation is when...
A male sex cell fuses with a female sex cell
56 of 77
Internal fertilization is when...
sperm are released inside the body of a female
57 of 77
External fertilization is when...
fertilisation occurs outside the body
58 of 77
What is the path of eggs during fertilisation?
ovaries to oviducts
59 of 77
Where does fertilisation in mammals occur?
Oviducts
60 of 77
What is the pathway of sperm?
testes-sperm tube-penis-vagina-uterus-oviduct
61 of 77
In fish, what are the eggs protected by?
Flexible coverings
62 of 77
In fish, where does the embryo get food from?
Yolk - inside the egg
63 of 77
In mammals, what is the fertilised egg's path?
oviduct-uterus
64 of 77
What is the sac that protects the embryo called?
the amniotic sac
65 of 77
Where does the human embryo get food from?
Its mother - through the umbilical cord
66 of 77
Internal fertilization must occur in mammals or else what?
the sperm and eggs would dry up
67 of 77
In mammals, few eggs are produced because?
chances of fertilization are high - young protected by adults
68 of 77
In fish, lots of eggs are produced because?
chances of fertilisation are low and the young have to look after themselves
69 of 77
What is a feature of the placenta?
It has finger like projections which seperate the mother and embryo's blood
70 of 77
At the placenta, oxygen and glucose move from...
the mothers blood to embryo's bloof
71 of 77
At the placenta carbon dioxide and wastes move from....
the embryo's blood to the mother's blood
72 of 77
What are examples of enviromental factors which affect behavior ?
light intensity, temp, day light, moisture
73 of 77
What does the effect of wet/dry conditions have on woodlice?
woodlice move to wet side to increase their chance of survival
74 of 77
What is an example of rhythmical behavior?
crabs are active at high tide and inactive at low tide
75 of 77
Why do all animals respond to stimuli?
to increase their chances of survival
76 of 77
Why do bees hibernate in winter?
to increase their chances of survival (rhythimical behaviour)
77 of 77

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is digestion the breakdown of?

Back

Large particles into smaller particles to allow them to be absorbed through the small intestine wall into the blood

Card 3

Front

What are the four types of teeth?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What are the incisors for?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What are the canines for?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Biology resources:

See all Biology resources »