Biology A2 Module 2 Excretion definition flashcards

Definitions of Module 2 excretion of A2 biology

?
The removal of the amine group from an amino acid to produce ammonia.
Deamination
1 of 42
An unusual blood vessel that has capillaries at both ends - it carries blood from the digestive system to the liver.
The Hepatic Portal Vein
2 of 42
One of the waste products from the breakdown of haemoglobin. It is the brown pigment that gives faeces its colour.
Bilirubin
3 of 42
Liver cells, they are specialised to perform a wide range of metabolic functions.
Hepatocytes
4 of 42
An excretory product formed from the breakdown of excess amino acids.
Urea
5 of 42
The process in which ammonia is converted to urea. It occurs partly in the cytosol and partly in mitochondria, as ATP is used.
The Ornithine Cycle
6 of 42
The conversion of toxic molecules to less toxic or non-toxic molecules.
Detoxification
7 of 42
The functional unit of the kidney. It is a microscopic tubule that recieves fluid from the blood capillaries in the cortex and converts this to urine, which drains into the ureter.
The nephron
8 of 42
A fine network of capillaries that increases the local blood pressure to squeeze fluid out of the blood. It is surrounded by a cup or funnel shaped capsule shich collects the fluid and leads into the nephron.
The glomerulus
9 of 42
In this process useful substances are reabsorbed from the nephron into the bloodstream while other excretory substances remain in the nephron.
Selective Reabsorption
10 of 42
The primary function of these cells appears to be the breakdown and recycling of old red blood cells.
Kupffer cells
11 of 42
A cup-shaped capsule in which blood is pushed into from the glomerulus by the process of ultrafiltration.
The Bowman's capsule
12 of 42
Brings blood into the glomerulus. Wider than the arteriole which carries blood away from the glomerulus. This helps to increase blood pressure.
Afferent arteriole
13 of 42
Filtration at a molecular level - as in the glomerulus where large molecules and cells are left in the blood and smaller molecules pass into the Bowman's capsule.
Ultrafiltration
14 of 42
Specialised cells that make up the lining of the Bowman's capsule.
Podocytes
15 of 42
Microscopic folds of the cell surface membrane that increase the surface area of the cell.
Microvilli
16 of 42
Proteins in the cell surface membrane that allow the facilitated diffusion of simple ions to be accompanied by transport of a larger molecule such as glucose.
Co-transporter proteins
17 of 42
Special proteins in the cell surface membrane that actively transport sodium and potassium ions against their concentration gradients.
Sodium-potassium pumps
18 of 42
The arrangement of a tubule in a sharp hairpin so that one part of the tubule passes close to another part of the tubule with the fluid flowing in opposite directions. This allows exchange between the contents.
A hairpin countercurrent mechanism
19 of 42
Carries blood away from the glomerulus. Narrower than the arteriole which carries blood to the glomerulus.
Efferent arteriole
20 of 42
Consists of waste substances that may be toxic or are produced in excess by the reactions inside cells.
Metabolic waste
21 of 42
The control and regulation of the water potential of the body and body fluids. In humans the kidney controls the water potential of the blood.
Osmoregulation
22 of 42
The coiled portion of the nephron between th loop of Henle and the collecting duct.
The distal convoluted tubule
23 of 42
The part of the brain that contains neurosecretory cells and various receptors that monitor the blood.
The hypothalamus
24 of 42
Receptor cells that monitor the water potential of the blood.
Osmoreceptors
25 of 42
Specialised cells that act like nerve cells but release a hormone into the blood. ADH is manufactured in the cell body and passes down the axon to be stored in the terminal bulb, where it is released if an action potential passes down the axon.
Neurosecretory cells
26 of 42
The time tsken for a substance's concentration to drop to half its original value.
Half-life
27 of 42
A partially permeable membrane that seperates the dialysis fluid from the patient's blood in a dialysis machine.
The Dialysis membrane
28 of 42
It is released from the pituitary gland and acts on the collecting ducts in the kidneys to increase their reabsorption of water.
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
29 of 42
The hind part of the pituitary gland, which releases ADH.
The posterior pituitary gland
30 of 42
A complex solution that matches the composition of body fluids. Used in dialysis.
Dialysis fluid
31 of 42
A hormone released by human embryos; its presence in the mother's urine confirms pregnancy.
Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG)
32 of 42
Blood is taken from a vein and passed through a dialysis machine so that exchange can occur across an artificially partially permeable membrane.
Haemodialysis
33 of 42
These antibodies are identical because they have been produced by cells that are clones of one original cell.
Monoclonical antibodies
34 of 42
Drugs that mimic the action of steroid hormones that increase muscle growth.
Anabolic steroids
35 of 42
A technique used to seperate substances in gaseous state.
Gas chromatography
36 of 42
Dialyis fluid is pumped into the body cavity so that exchange can occur across the peritoneal membrane.
Peritoneal Dialysis
37 of 42
The removal of metabolic waste from the body.
Excretion
38 of 42
A chart produced when substances are separated by movement of a solvent along a permeable material such as paper or gel.
A chromatogram
39 of 42
The use of a partially permeable membrane to fliter the blood.
Dialysis
40 of 42
Diffusion that is enhanced by the action of proteins in the cell membrane.
Facilitated diffusion
41 of 42
As fluid moves along the nephron, substances are removed form the fluid and reabsorbed into the blood.
Selective Reabsorption
42 of 42

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

An unusual blood vessel that has capillaries at both ends - it carries blood from the digestive system to the liver.

Back

The Hepatic Portal Vein

Card 3

Front

One of the waste products from the breakdown of haemoglobin. It is the brown pigment that gives faeces its colour.

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Liver cells, they are specialised to perform a wide range of metabolic functions.

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

An excretory product formed from the breakdown of excess amino acids.

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Biology resources:

See all Biology resources »See all Cellular processes and structure resources »