biology

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  • Created by: Louise98
  • Created on: 09-04-14 15:20
What is needed for a healthy diet?
proteins, carbohydrates, fats and oils, minerals and vitamins, fibre and water
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What does protein do?
build muscle and cells (growth and repair)
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what do carbohydrates do?
starch and sugars- energy (primary source)
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What do fats and oils do?
cell membranes and energy- to keep warm and release energy
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what do minerals and vitamins do?
general health (skin, teeth, hair, bones etc)
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what does fibre do?
to keep food moving through the digestive system
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What does water do?
Hydration of the body
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What is a metabolic rate?
Metabolic rate is the speed at which energy is released from the food you eat, during the process of respiration.
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what is an unbalanced diet?
people whose diet is badly out of balance are said to be malnourished. Malnourished people can be fat or thin or unhealthy in other ways
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Why do you need energy?
• You need energy to fuel the chemical reactions in the body to keep you alive. The reactions are called METABOLISM and the speed in which they occur is your METABOLIC RATE. There are variations in the resting metabolic rate of different people.
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Why are people's metabolic rate different?
• Muscle needs more energy than fatty tissue so people who have a higher proportion of muscle in their bodies than fatty tissue will have a higher metabolic rate.
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Why do bigger people have a higher metabolic rate?
• Taller people have a higher metabolic rate than smaller people because they need more energy as they have more cells.
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Why does your metabolic rate stay high after exercise?
When you exercise you need more energy so your metabolic rate goes up and stays high for a while after you have done exercise. People who have more active jobs e.g builders require more energy than those who are office workers.
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Why do your energy levels affect your metabolic rate?
This means your activity level affects your amount of energy which is in your diet. If you do little exercise you don’t require as much energy so your diet should include less fat and carbohydrates. If you do a lot of exercise you will need more carb
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What does malnourished mean?
people whose diet is completely out of balance. Malnourished people can be thin or fat or unhealthy in other ways.
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What does obesity mean?
When a person is 20% over their maximum recommended body mass.
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What happens if you eat too much?
Eating too much can cause you to become obese if you eat excess Carbohydrates and Fats. Health problems can arise when you have obesity which include Arthritis, type 2 diabetes (unable to control blood sugar level), high blood pressure, heart disease
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What happens if you eat too little?
Depending on what food you are missing there could be a slow growth in children, irregular periods in women, lack of iron causes Anemia and lack of vitamin D causes skin and joint problems. Too many little amounts of food could lead to Anorexia.
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What happens if you don't do enough exercise?
Exercise is as important as your diet. People who do more exercise are usually healthier. By doing exercise you are increasing your energy so it isnt being stored as fat. Sometimes people can be fit but not healthy since they are malnourished.
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What are the inherited factors which can affect your health?
Some people may inherit factors that affect their metabolic rate some inherited factors cause an underactive thyroid gland which lowers your metabolic rate which can lead to obesity.Others may inherit factors that affect their cholesterol level.
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What is Cholesterol?
Cholesterol is a type of fat made by the liver. It is carried around the bloodstream attached to a protein. The liver also removes any cholesterol which isn’t used. The amount the liver makes depends partly on inherited factors.
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What are the two types of Cholesterol?
HDL (High density lipoprotein) = GOOD LDL (Low density lipoprotein)=BAD
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Why are LDL'S bad?
HDL has no bad effects whereas high levels of LDL can lead to fat being deposited in the conary arteries which can lead to Conary Artery disease.
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What is the Montignac Diet?
You eat food in a particular order so you eat carbs separate from protein. So you could have meat and salad together but not pasta and meat. No processed fats or sugar are allowed are encouraged to eat lots of vegetables and are eaten separately .
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Advantages of the Montignac Diet?
Have very do-able recipes so you don’t feel deprived.Isn’t very hard to follow. Once you understand the basic rules it isn’t hard to follow
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Disadvantages of the Montignac Diet?
Have to learn the rules and adapt to your lifestyle. Works if you are able to able to cook.Since fruit is eaten separately it could be forgotten which reduces anti-oxidant intake.
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What is the Atkins Diet?
Limiting food with high carbohydrate to eating food with protein and fat. 1ST phase: carbs are limited to 20g per day, whilst proteins and fats are encouraged. As you progress you can add 5g of carbs until you hit your personal goal.
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Advantages of the Atkins Diet?
Many people like to eat as much protein and fat as they want since they are normally restricted.Early and rapid weight loss
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Disadvantages of the Atkins Diet?
Cause the body to rely on fat and muscle to supply energy.Eating unlimited fat may lead to heart disease and a low intake of fruit can lead to a low anti-oxidant intake
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What does protein do?

Back

build muscle and cells (growth and repair)

Card 3

Front

what do carbohydrates do?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What do fats and oils do?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

what do minerals and vitamins do?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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