Biology 2b
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- Created by: Josh Norris
- Created on: 28-04-13 19:15
Define a catalyst
A substance that speeds up a reaction without being changed or used up.
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State three functions of proteins in living cells, other than acting as catalysts.
Structural components of tissues, hormones, antibodies.
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In which three places in the body is amylase produced?
Salivary glands, pancreas, small intestine.
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Where in the body is bile: a) produced b) stored c) used?
a) Liver b) Gall bladder c) Small intestine
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Why does the stomach produce hydrochloric acid?
Kills bacteria and gives the right PH for protease
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Word equation for aerobic respiration:
Glucose + Oxygen --> carbon dioxide + water + energy
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Give two examples of how animals use the energy produced by aerobic respiration.
Causes movement by muscle contraction, keeps their body temperature steady.
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Give the word equation for anaerobic respiration in our bodies.
glucose --> energy + lactic acid
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Explain how you repay an oxygen debt.
Breathing hard to oxidise lactic acid into carbon dioxide and water.
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Give two kinds of enzyme that would be useful in a biological washing powder.
Proteases and lipases.
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Advantages of enzymes in industry:
Specific so they only catalyse the reaction you want them to, lower temperature and pressure means a lower cost and saves energy, biodegradable.
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Disadvantages of enzymes in industry:
Some people can be allergic to them, easily denatured, expensive to produce.
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How does DNA control the activities of a cell?
contains instructions to put an organism together and make it work.
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How is DNA fingerprinting used in forensic science?
DNA taken from a crime scene is compared with a DNA sample from a suspect.
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Describe the four steps of mitosis.
DNA replicates itself to from X-shaped chromosomes. The chromosomes line up at the centre of the cell and are pulled apart by cell fibres. Membranes form around each of the two sets of chromosomes. The cytoplasm divides.
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What is the other type of cell division and where in the male body does it happen?
Meiosis, testes.
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What is differentiation in a cell?
The process by which a cell changes to become specialised for its job.
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Give three ways that embryonic stem cells could be used to cure diseases.
Make beating heart muscle cells, insulin-producing cells and nerve cells.
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Which chromosome in the human body causes male characteristics?
Y
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What three important conclusions did Mendel reach following his experiment with pea plants?
Characteristics in plants are determined by hereditary units, hereditary units are passed on from both parents (one unit from each parent), and hereditary units can be dominant or recessive
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Why wasn't the importance of Mendel's work understood at the time?
Nobody knew anything about genes or DNA.
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What is an allele?
A different version of the same gene.
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What is a heterozygous organism?
An organism that has two alleles for a particular gene that are different.
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What is a homozygous organism?
An organism that has two alleles for a particular gene that are the same.
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What is the difference between recessive and dominant alleles?
Dominant alleles carry the characteristics that are expressed.
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If both parents carry the recessive allele for cystic fibrosis, what is the probability of their child being a carrier?
50%
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What is polydactyly?
A genetic disorder caused by a dominant allele where a baby is born with extra fingers or toes.
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Describe three ways that fossils can form and give an example of each type
Gradual replacement by minerals - Bones, Casts and impressions - Plant's roots, Preservation in areas of no decay - Peat bogs.
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Give three reasons why species might become extinct.
Rapid change in environment, disease, new predator.
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What is speciation? Explain how geographical isolation can lead to speciation.
The development of a new species. Two populations of the same species are seperated by a physical barrier with different conditions on either side. Populations adapts to the new conditions, by gaining new characteristics to develop new species.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
State three functions of proteins in living cells, other than acting as catalysts.
Back
Structural components of tissues, hormones, antibodies.
Card 3
Front
In which three places in the body is amylase produced?
Back
Card 4
Front
Where in the body is bile: a) produced b) stored c) used?
Back
Card 5
Front
Why does the stomach produce hydrochloric acid?
Back
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