BIology 2a

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  • Created by: laurajg
  • Created on: 18-04-14 12:31
What does the nucleus hold, and why is it important?
genetic material, controls the activities of the cell.
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why is cytoplasm important?
its where chemical reactions happen, and it contains the enzymes to control the reactions.
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why is the cell membrane important?
holds the cell together and controls what can go in and out of the cell.
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why is mitochondria important?
where most of the recations for respiration happen. needed for the cell to work.
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why are ribosomes important?
where the proteins are made.
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what type of cells have a cell wall?
plant, bacteria, yeast.
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why is a cell wall important?
supports and strengthens the cell.
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what is the cell wall made of?
cellulose.
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what cells have a valcuole?
plant
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whay is a valcuole important?
contains cell sap.
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what is cell sap made of?
weak solution of sugar and salts.
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why are chloroplasts important?
where photosynthesis happens, contain green chlorophyll.
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what does a yeast cell have?
nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane and cell wall.
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what is yeast?
a microorganism.
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what is a bacteria?
a single-celled microorganism.
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where is the genetic imfomation in a bacteria?
it floats in the cytoplasm because bacteria do not have a nucleus.
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what is diffusion?
diffusison is the spreading out of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
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what does diffusion happen in?
liquids and gasses because they flow freely.
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what happens when you have a large difference in concentration?
the diffusion will happen more quickly.
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what molecules can diffuse through the cell membrane, and why?
oxygen, glucose, amino acids and water because they are needed for respiration.
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what are palisade cells adapted for?
photosynthesis.
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why do palisade cells have a tall shape?
biger surface area so can absorb more co2
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why are palisade cells thin?
means they can be packed at the top of the leaf, where they re needed for photosynthesis.
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what are guard cells adapted for?
to open and close pores.
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why would guard cells open?
to allow gassas to pass through for photosynthesis.
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what do guard cells do at night and why?
they close because they are sensitive to light, and the plant wouldnt need to have the gasses for photosynthesis.
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what are red blood cells adapted for?
to carry oxygen.
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why do they have a concave shape?
to have a large surface area and to move smoothly through capillaries.
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what are they filled with and why?
haemoglobin, because it absorbs oxygen.
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why dont thay have a nucleus?
so there is more room for haemoglobin.
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what are sperm and eggs cells specialised in?
reproduction.
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what are the main functions of the egg cell?
carry half the dna, to nourish the developing embryo, contains food reserves.
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what happens to the egg when the sperm fuses with the egg?
the eggs membrane instantly changes to stop more sperm getting in and to make sure the embryo will have the right amount of dna.
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why does a sperm cell have a lot of mitochondria?
to provide energy.
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why is a sperm cell important?
carries the other half of the dna needed for an embryo.
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how is the sperm cell adapted?
has a long tail and bas a streamlined head.
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what are large multicellular organisms made of?
organ systems.
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what is the process that makes cells become specilised called?
differentation.
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what do specilised cells form?
tissue.
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what does tissue form?
organs.
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what does organs form?
organ systems.
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what does muscular tissue do in mammels?
contracts to move.
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what does glandular tissue do in mammels?
makes and secretes chemicals like enzymes and hormones.
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what does epithelial tissue do in mammels?
covers some parts of the body, like the gut.
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what does the muscular tissue do in the stomach?
moves to chun up the food.
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what does the glandular tissue do in the stomach?
makes the digestive juices.
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what does the epithelial tissue do in the stomach?
covers the inside and outside of the stomach.
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what do glands do in the digestive system?
produce digestive jucies.
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what does the stomach and small intestine do in the digestive system?
digest the food.
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what does the liver produce in te digestive system?
bile.
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what does the small intestine absorb in the digestive system?
soluble food molecules.
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what does the large intestine do in the digestive system?
absorbs water, leaving faeces
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overall what does the digestive system do?
exchanges material, by taking in nutrients and releasing substances.
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what glands are in the digestive system?
pancreas and salivary glands.
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what does the mesophyll tissue do in leaves?
the place where photosynthesis happens.
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what do the xylema and phloem do in the leaves?
transport things like water, mineral ions and sucrose around the plant.
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what are the limiting factors of photosynthesis and why?
light, needed for photosynthesis, there is none at night. temperature, needed for the enzymes to work, can be to cold at winter. amount of co2 needed for photosynthesis.
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what does the light provide in photosynthesis?
energy
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how can greenhouses artifically create the perfect conditions?
they can be temperature controlled, they provide a light of light during the day, but can also be lit up at night. they can have paffin heaters to provide heat and co2.
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where do plants produce glucose?
in there leaves through photosynthesis.
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for what do plants use glucose?
respiration.
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what can glucose be converted into?
cell walls, starch, amino acids; when combined with nitrate ions, lipids in seeds.
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what is a habitat?
a place wher e organisms live.
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what is the distrobution of a organism?
where it is found.
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what are the two ways of studying distribution?
quadrats, transects.
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what are quadrats?
squares that are placed in a certain area, so you can count the amount of a certain organism in that area.
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what are transects?
when you have a line in which you can count the amount of organisms to work out their distribution.
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how do you work out the population size?
work out the mean number of organisms per m2 then multiply by the total area.
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Card 2

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why is cytoplasm important?

Back

its where chemical reactions happen, and it contains the enzymes to control the reactions.

Card 3

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why is the cell membrane important?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

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why is mitochondria important?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

why are ribosomes important?

Back

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