biology (2)

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  • Created by: Ellie
  • Created on: 02-06-14 20:39
rotten things are decaying - what do these contain?
microbes - many of these cause diseases, they kill millions of people and make billions sick.
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what cells cover your skin and line the openings like your mouth and gut?
micobial cells
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which part of your body carrys most microbes?
large intestine
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do viruses has cells?
no - they cant carry out most life processes, like getting nutrition; but they do have lots of genes and they reproduce inside living things, including you
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what do bacteria make?
toxins and destroy tissue
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can one microbe do much?
no - but bacteria keep dividing into two, they can rapidly increase their numbers
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what can mulitply even faster than bacteria?
viruses - they get inside your cells and control them. Each infected cell builds thousands of new virus particles and then dies
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what do many bacteria cause?
vomiting and diarrhoea
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are some bacteria useful?
many bacteria are useful in the right place, or harmless
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are some bacteria harmful?
some bacteria and most viruses are harmful
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how do bacteria reproduce?
bacteria reproduce rapidly by dividing - viruses force cells to make them
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you cant help but eat microbes, they are everywhere - what happens to them in your stomach?
they are destroyed by strong hydrochloric acid but if the food is full of bacteria, some may survive and get carried through your gut giving you diarrhoea
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when you cut a blood vessel - fibres form in the gap, what do they trap? what does this make?
they trap read blood cells making a clot, this keeps blood in a microbes out before the cut can be repaired
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why should cuts be kept clean?
because some bacteria can dissolve the fibres in the clot that has been made and slip into your blood
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how are your lungs protected from microbes everytime you breathe in?
they make a sticky mucus that traps the microbes, and they have a hair-like cilia that brush the microbes to your throat to be swallowed
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which blood cells can combat most infections? what are they a part of?
white blood cells can combat most infections, they are part of your immune system
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how can white blood cells destroy bacteria?
they destroy microbes in your blood abd squeeze through capillary walls to clear bacteria from your tissue. Some types of white blood cell will swallow invaders - it surrounds the bacteria with cytoplasm and will pull them in, digest them and die.
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what can other white cells make?
chemicals called antibodies which help kill microbes
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what do body defences do?
keep most microbes out
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what do white blood cells do?
destroy the microbes that get in
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what do antibodies do?
give you immunity but it takes time to process them for new microbes
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what destroy bacteria on surfaces?
disinfectants and bleach but they damage our body tissue
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what destroy bacteria and are safe to use on skin?
antiseptics
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what 4 things can we pick up microbes from?
(1)faeces (2)contaminated water (3)food (4)infected people
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list 3 things that weaken your immune system
unhappiness, stress and shortage of vitamins and minerals
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sometimes white blood cells cant cope with an infection and bacteria multiply rapidly - what can a doctor give you to kill these? how do these work?
a doctor can give you antibiotics - these destroy bacteria and make you feel better, but they have no effect on viruses
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if you have antibiotics you must finish them, even if you feel better - why?
because the toughest bacteria are last to be killed and if these survive they will multiply and will be harder to destroy as will become resistant to the antibiotic.
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what 3 things can strengthen your immune system?
regular exercise, low stress and a good diet
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what do vaccinations do?
make you immune to particular microbes
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what do antibiotics destroy?
bacteria - but not viruses
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the nicotine in cigarettes affect your brain, they make you feel more alert - what does this make them?
a stimulant
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cannabis changes the way you see and hear things - what does this make it?
a hallucinogen
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alcohol is a depressant - what does this mean?
it slows down your reactions.
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what health problems does excess alcohol cause?
liver damage or heart disease
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what can peer pressure affect?
your behaviour
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what does smoking damage? and alcohol?
smoking damages your lungs and alcohol damages your liver - both affect your brain
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what is the main difference between respiration and burning?
your body doesnt produce flames when it respires - burning does
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what is gas exchange?
blood fills with oxygen is it passes through your lungs and carbon dioxide from respiring cells move into the air
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which side of the body does the heart pump blood around?
the left side
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name the 3 blood vessels
capillaries, arteries and veins
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what are white and red blood cells made from?
bone marrow stem cells
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how many different types of cells are there in the body?
300
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what is special about 5 day old embryo?
they make all the cells
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what divide to make new tissue?
stem cells
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blood travels around the body inside tubes called...
vessels
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the heart is a pump that squeezes the blood into the....
arteries
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the....take waste chemicals away from the body cells
capillaries
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

what cells cover your skin and line the openings like your mouth and gut?

Back

micobial cells

Card 3

Front

which part of your body carrys most microbes?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

do viruses has cells?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

what do bacteria make?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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