biology
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- Created by: Georgia Smith
- Created on: 04-05-13 19:47
What type of fluid surrounds the cells in the body?
tissue fluid
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What is tissue fluid made up of?
water with oxygen, glucose and other stuff dissolved in
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What happens to the tissue fluid?
its squeezed out of the blood capillaries to supply cells with everything they need, has different concentration to fluid inside cell, so osmosis occurs
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How are exchange surfaces adapted to maximise effictiveness?
they are thin so there is a short distance to diffuse, large surface area so lots of substances can diffuse at once, exchange surfaces in animals have lots of blood vessels so it can get into the blood quickly, gas exchange surfaces are ventilated to
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In what circumstance does exchanging substances get more difficult and why?
in bigger more complex organisms as they end up being a long way away from exchange surface
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What diffuses into the air spaces within a leaf, then diffuses into the cells where photosynthesis happens?
carbon dioxide
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What diffuses through the stomata in a leaf?
carbon dioxide, oxygen and water vapour
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What is the size of the stomata controlled by?
guard cells
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What do the guard cells do if the plant is losing water too fast?
they close the stomata, without the guard cells the plant would wilt
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Why is a leaf a flattened shape?
because it increases the area of the exchange surface so its more effective
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Why is there air spaces in a leaf?
increase the area of the surface so theres more chance for carbon dioxide to get into cells
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Whats happens when evaporation occurs in a leaf?
water vapour evaporates from vells inside leaf, then escapes by diffusion because threres lots of it inside the leaf and less of it in the air
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In what conditions is evaporation quickest?
hot, dry, windy conditions
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Where are the lungs?
In the thorax
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What seperates the lungs from the bottom of your body?(abdomen)
the diaphragm
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What are the lungs protected by?
the ribcage
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The air you breath in goes through what and the splits into two tubes called what?
tranchea and bronchi
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The bronchi splits into two smaller tubes called what?
bronchioles
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What do the bronchioles end at?
small bags called the alveoli
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What is ventilation?
breathing in and out
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What happens when you breath in?
intercostal muscles and diaphragm contract, throax volume increases, this decreases pressure, drawing air in
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What happens when you breath out?
intercostal muscles and diaphragm relax, throax volume decreases, this increases pressure, so air is forced out
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What do artificial ventilators do?
they are machines that help people breath and move air into and out of the lung
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Where does gas exchange happen?
in the lungs
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What is the job of the lungs?
to transfer oxygen to the blood and to remove waste carbon dioxide from it
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What do the lungs have to enable to do its job?
they contain millions of little air sacs called alveoli where gas exchange takes place
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What does the alveoli have to maximise the diffusion of oxygen and Co2?
an enormous surface area, moist lining for dissolving gases, very thin walls, a good blood supply
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Where are the millions of villi found?
inside of the small intestine
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What is the purpose of the villi?
they increase the surface area in a big way so that digested food is absorbed much more quickly into the blood
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What adaptions does the villi have?
a single layer of surface cells, a very good blood supply to assist quick absorbtion
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is tissue fluid made up of?
Back
water with oxygen, glucose and other stuff dissolved in
Card 3
Front
What happens to the tissue fluid?
Back
Card 4
Front
How are exchange surfaces adapted to maximise effictiveness?
Back
Card 5
Front
In what circumstance does exchanging substances get more difficult and why?
Back
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