Biology

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  • Created by: alice
  • Created on: 24-04-13 11:53
Nucleus
Contains genetic material, which controls the activities of the cell.
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Cytoplasm
Most chemical processes take place here, controlled by enzymes.
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Cell membrane
Controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell.
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Mitochondria
Most energy is released by respiration here.
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Ribosomes
Protein synthesis happens here.
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Cell wall
Strengthens the cell
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Chloroplasts
Contain chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.
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Permanent vacuole
Filled with cell sap to help keep the cell turgid
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Bacterial cell
A bacterium is a single-celled organism. A bacterial cell has a different structure to an animal or plant cell. It has cytoplasm, a membrane and a surrounding cell wall, but the genetic material in a bacterial cell is not in a distinct nucleus.
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Yeast
Yeast is a single-celled organism. Like bacterial cells, yeast cells have cytoplasm and a membrane surrounded by a cell wall. But unlike bacterial cells, yeast cells have a nucleus.
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Leaf cell
Absorbs light energy for photosynthesis. Packed with chloroplasts. Regular shaped, closely packed cells form a continuous layer for efficient absorption of sunlight.
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Root hair cell
Absorbs water and mineral ions from the soil.Long 'finger-like' process with very thin wall, which gives a large surface area.
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Sperm cell
Fertilises an egg cell - female gamete. The head contains genetic information and an enzyme to help penetrate the egg cell membrane. The middle section is packed with mitochondria for energy. The tail moves the sperm to the egg
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Red blood cells
Contains haemoglobin to carry oxygen to the cells. Thin outer membrane to let oxygen diffuse through easily. Shape increases the surface area to allow more oxygen to be absorbed efficiently. No nucleus, so the whole cell is full of haemoglobin.
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Diffusion
Diffusion occurs when particles spread.They move from a region where they are in high concentration to a region where they are in low concentration, while there is a concentration gradient.
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Examples of diffusion
In the gut, particles move digested food products from the gut cavity to the blodd capillary of villus.
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Tissues
During the development of a multicellular organism, cells differentiate so that they can carry out different functions.
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Muscular tissues
Contracts, bringing about movement
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Glandular tissue
Produces substances such as enzymes and hormones
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Epithelial tissue
Covers some parts of the body
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Pancreas
Produces insulin which controls blood sugar levels.
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Muscular tissue
To churn the food and other contents of the stomach
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Glandular tissue
To produce digestive juices including acid and enzymes
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Epithelial tissue
To cover the inner and outer surfaces of the stomach
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Pancreas and salivary glands
Produce digestive juices
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Liver
Produces bile
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Small intestine
Digest and absorb soluble food
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Large intestine
Absorbs water from undigested food, producing faeces
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Epidermal tissue
Covers the plant
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Mesophyll
Carries out photosynthesis
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Xylem and phloem
Transport of substances around the plant
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Most chemical processes take place here, controlled by enzymes.

Back

Cytoplasm

Card 3

Front

Controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Most energy is released by respiration here.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Protein synthesis happens here.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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