Biology Unit 6 - DNA Profiling

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What is a DNA profile?
A fingerprint of an organisms DNA
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Where can a sample of DNA be obtained from?
Saliva, blood etc
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What is the PCR used to do?
Make millions of copies of specific regions of DNA in just a few hours
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Why does the DNA need to be amplified?
So there's enough to make a DNA profile
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What does the reaction mixture contain? (3)
DNA sample, free nucleotides, primers, DNA polymerase
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What are primers?
Short pieces of DNA that are comp. to the bases at the start of the fragment you want
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What does DNA polymerase do?
An enzyme that creates the new DNA strands (using com. base pairing)
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3 temperatures?
90, 55, 70
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90?
Break the hydrogen bonds between the 2 strands
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55?
Primers can bond to the strands
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70?
So DNA polymerase can work
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How many copies of DNA in one cycle of PCR?
2
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Why may a fluorescent tag be added after?
So the fragments can be used under UV light
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What is used to separate the DNA?
Gel electrophoresis
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What is the DNA placed in?
Slab of gel (agrose?) and covered in a buffer solution
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What is passed through the gel?
An electric current
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DNA is placed at the...
cathode (-)
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What fragments travel further?
Short fragments
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What can be done with profiles after?
Compare them (e.g. crime, parent)
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Why may DNA profiling be used on plants and animals?
To stop inbreeding
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Where can a sample of DNA be obtained from?

Back

Saliva, blood etc

Card 3

Front

What is the PCR used to do?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Why does the DNA need to be amplified?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What does the reaction mixture contain? (3)

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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