Biology Unit 2- Cells, tissues and organs

?
  • Created by: Bella B
  • Created on: 08-01-16 15:53
What are all living things made up of?
Cells!
1 of 44
What features do Animal and Plant cells have in common?
Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Cell Membrane, Mitochondria, Ribosomes.
2 of 44
What is the function of the NUCLEUS?
Contains genetic material, which controls the activities of the cell.
3 of 44
What is the function of the CYTOPLASM?
Most chemical processes take place here + it's controlled by ENZYMES.
4 of 44
What is the function of the CELL MEMBRANE?
Controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell.
5 of 44
What is the function of MITOCHONDRIA?
Most energy is released by RESPIRATION here.
6 of 44
What is the function of RIBOSOMES?
Protein synthesis happens here.
7 of 44
What are the extra parts of Plant Cells that are not in Animal cells?
Cell Wall, Chloroplasts and Permanent Vacuole.
8 of 44
Function of the CELL WALL?
Strengthens the cell.
9 of 44
Function of CHLOROPLASTS?
Contatin CHLOROPHYLL- absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.
10 of 44
Function of PERMANENT VACUOLE?
Filled with CELL SAP to help keep the cell TURGID.
11 of 44
What is a BACTERIAL CELL?
A bacterium is a single- celled organism. Has a different structure to an animal or plant cell. Has a cytoplasm, membrane and a surrounding cell wall, BUT genetic material is not stored in distinct nucleus.
12 of 44
What is YEAST?
A single-celled organism. They have a nucleus.
13 of 44
What are some examples of SPECIALISED CELLS?
Leaf cell, Root Hair cell, Sperm cell and Red blood cells
14 of 44
What are specialised cells?
Cells may be specialised to perform a particular function. Their structure will allow them to carry this function out.
15 of 44
What's the function + adaptation of a LEAF CELL?
F: absorbs light for photosynthesis. A: packed with chloroplasts, regular shaped + closely packed cells form a continuous layer for efficient absorption of sunlight.
16 of 44
What's the function + adaptation of a ROOT HAIR CELL?
F: absorbs water and mineral ions from the cell. A: long "finger-like" process with very thin wall, which gives a large surface area
17 of 44
What's the function + adaptation of SPERM CELLS?
F: fertilises an egg cell (female gamete) A: head contains genetic info. and an enzyme to help penetrate the egg cell membrane.
18 of 44
What's the function + adaptation of RED BLOOD CELLS?
F: contains HAEMOGLOBIN to carry oxygen. A: thin outer membrane to let oxygen diffuse through easily + shape increases the surface area to allow more oxygen to be absorbed efficiently. No NUCLEUS.
19 of 44
What's DIFFUSION?
Diffusion occurs when particles spread. They move from a region where they are in a HIGH concentration to a region where they are LOW concentration. Happens when PARTICLES ARE FREE TO MOVE.
20 of 44
What are examples of Diffusion in the body?
Gut and Lungs.
21 of 44
What happens to the oxygen in the lungs? (diffusion).
Oxygen moves from ALVEOLAR AIR SPACE ---> BLOOD circulating around the lungs
22 of 44
What happens to digested food products in the gut? (diffusion)
Digested food products move from GUT CAVITY ---> BLOOD in capillary of villus
23 of 44
What is a TISSUE?
A group of specialised cells that have a similar structure and function.
24 of 44
What are some examples of tissues?
Muscular Tissue, (contracts- bringing movement) Glandular Tissue (produces substances such as: ENZYMES and HORMONES) and Epithelial Tissue (covers some parts of the body).
25 of 44
What is differentiation?
The process by which a cell becomes a specialised cell.
26 of 44
What is an ORGAN?
A group of tissues in a living organism that have been adapted to perform a specific function.
27 of 44
What are the tissues in the Stomach?
Muscular tissue- to "churn up" the contents, Glandular tissue- to produce digestive juices (like acid+enzymes) and Epithelial tissue- to cover the outside of the stomach.
28 of 44
What are the 2 important functions of the PANCREAS?
It makes hormones to control our blood sugar. It also makes the enzymes that digest our food.
29 of 44
What are ORGAN SYSTEMS?
Different organs are combined in Organ Systems to carry out particular functions in the body. These functions include transporting the blood or digesting food.
30 of 44
What are the adaptations for exchange for the LUNGS, SMALL INTESTINE and KIDNEY?
Lungs- gaseous exchange. Small Intestine- digested foods move from the SI into the blood. Kidney- many different dissolved substances are filtered out of the blood into the kidney tubules.
31 of 44
What are some adaptations for exchange?
Increasing the Surface Area over which materials are exchanged (bigger SA= faster diffusion can take place), increasing the concentration gradient across the membrane (steeper the CG= faster diffusion takes place) and Good Blood Supply.
32 of 44
What are the levels of organisations?
CELLS-> TISSUES-> ORGANS-> ORGAN SYSTEMS-> WHOLE BODY.
33 of 44
What are some examples of ORGAN SYSTEMS?
The Nervous System, the Respiratory System, the Reproductive System and the Digestive System.
34 of 44
What does the STOMACH do?
Digests food.
35 of 44
What does the LIVER do?
Produces BILE.
36 of 44
What does the SMALL INTESTINE do?
Digests and absorbs SOLUBLE FOODS.
37 of 44
What does the LARGE INTESTINE do?
Absorbs WATER from undigested food, producing FAECES.
38 of 44
What are the Tissues found in PLANTS?
Epidermal Tissue (covers the plant), Mesophyll Tissue (carries out photosynthesis) and Xylem and Phloem Tissue (transports substances around the plant).
39 of 44
Why are XYLEM and PHLOEM tissue in the centre of the roots?
To withstand stretching forces.
40 of 44
What does BILE do?
Neutralises the acid that is added to food in the stomach= alkaline conditions which enzymes in the small intestine work most effectively in.
41 of 44
What do PLANT and ALGAL cells also have?
A CELL WALL- strengthens the cell.
42 of 44
What is passed through all cell membranes by diffusion and why?
OXYGEN- for respiration.
43 of 44
The greater the difference in concentration, the faster the rate of ????
The greater the difference in concentration, the faster the rate of DIFFUSION!
44 of 44

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What features do Animal and Plant cells have in common?

Back

Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Cell Membrane, Mitochondria, Ribosomes.

Card 3

Front

What is the function of the NUCLEUS?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is the function of the CYTOPLASM?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is the function of the CELL MEMBRANE?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Biology resources:

See all Biology resources »See all Cells, tissues and organs resources »