Biology Unit 2

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Name five parts of a cell that both plants and animals cells have.
Nucleus, Cell membrane, Cytoplasm, Mitochondria, Ribosomes
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Name three features of a yeast cell.
Cell membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm, nucleus.
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Where is the genetic material found in a bacterial cell?
In the cytoplasm as they dont have a nucleus.
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Where is the genetic material found in an animal cell?
Nucleus.
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Name three substances that can diffuse through cell membranes, and two that can't.
Can: Oxygen, Glucose, Amino Acids, and Water. Can't: Starch and Protein
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Give one way that a guard cell is adapted for controlling water loss.
Adapted to open and close pores.
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Give three ways that a sperm cell is adapted for swimming to an egg cell.
Long tail, Streamlined head, Lots of Mitochondria.
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What is a tissue?
A group of similar cells that work together to carry out a particular function.
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What is an organ?
A group of different tissues that work together to perform a certain function.
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Give three examples of tissues in the human stomach, and say what job they do.
Muscular tissue - Moves stomach wall to churn up food. Glandular tissue - Makes digestive juices to digest food. Epithelial tissue - covers outside and inside of stomach.
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Name one organ system found in the body.
The Digestive System.
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Give an example of a plant tissue and a plant organ
Tissue: Mesophyll tissue, Xylem, Phloem, Epidermal tissue. Organs: Stems, Roots, Leaves.
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Write down the equation for photosynthesis.
Carbon Dioxide + Water + LIght Energy = Glucose + Oxygen.
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What is the green substance in leaves that absorbs sunlight?
Chlorophyll.
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Name the three factors that can limit the rate of photosynthesis.
Light, Temperature, And Amount of Carbon Dioxide.
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You carry out an experiment where you change the light intensity experienced by a piece of Canadian pondweed by changing the distance between the pondweed and a lamp. Write down three important things which must be kept constant.
Temp, Amount of carbon dioxide, time.
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Explain why it's important that a plant doesn't get too hot.
The enxymes it needs for photosynthesis will be damaged.
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Describe three things a gardner could do to make sure she grows a good crop of tomatoes.
Use a heater/ventilation in winter/summer to keep the temperature ideal. Artificial light after Sun goes down. Use a paraffin burner as it produces carbon dioxide.
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Why is glucose turned into starch when they need to store it for later.
Starch is insoluble which makes it better for storing than glucose. Lots of glucose would draw in loads of water and swell.
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Write down four other ways plants can use glucose produced by photsynthesis.
For respiration, makng cell walls, making proteins, stored in seeds.
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What is a habitat?
The place where an organism lives.
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Give five environmental factors that can affect the distribution of organisms.
Temperature, Availability of water, Availibility of axygen and carbon dioxide, Availability of nutrients, Amount of lights.
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Briefly describe how you could find out how common an organism is in two sample areas using a quadrat.
Place a 1m by 1m quadrat on ground at random pint within first sample area. Count all organisms within quadrat. Repeat steps 1 + 2 as many times as you can. Work out number per quadrat for first area. Repeat 1 - 4 for second sample area. Compare.
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Describe one way of using a transect to find out how an organism is distributed across an area.
Mark out a line you want to study using a tape measure. Collect data along line. Collect data using quadrats placed at intervals. Or count all organisms that touch the line.
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State four functions of proteins in living cells.
Catalysts, Structural components of tissues, Hormones and
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Explain why an enzyme-catalysed reaction stops when the reaction mixture is heated above a certain temperature.
If it gets too hot, some of the bonds holding the enzyme together break. This destroys the enzyme's special shape and so it won't work anymore. It's said to be denatured.
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In which three places in the body is amaylase produced?
The salivary glands, the pancreas, the small intestine.
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Where in the body is bile a) produced? b) stored? c) used?
a) Liver b) Gall bladder c) Stomach
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Explain why the stomach produces hydrochloric acid.
To kill bacteria, To give the right pH for protease to work (pH 2 - acidic)
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Write down the word equation for aerobic respiration.
Glucose + oxygen = Carbon Dioxide + Water + ENERGY
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Give two examples of how an animal uses the energy released by aerobic respiration.
To allow muscles to contract, To keep body temperature up, To build up larger molecules from smaller one.
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What is anaerobic respiration?
"Anaeorbic respiration is used if there's not enough oxygen. It's the incomplete breakdown of glucose, which produces lactic acid.
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Which acid does anaeorbic respiration produce in humans?
Lactic Acid.
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Explain how you repay am oxygen debt.
You keep breathing hard after you stop, to get more oxygen into your blood which flows through your muscles removing lactic acid by oxidsing it to harmless CO₂ and water. The pulse and breathing rate stay high to rectify the situation.
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Give two kinds of enzyme that would be useful to biological washing powder.
Proteases and Lipase.
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Explain how DNA controls the activities of a cell.
A gene is a section of DNA. It contains the instructions to make specific proteins. Cells make proteins. DNA determines what proteins the cell produces which in turn determines what tyoe of cell it is
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Explain how DNA fingerprinting is used in forensic science.
Every person's genetic finegrprinting has a unique pattern. This means you can tell people apart by comparing DNA samples of their DNA. DNA taken from a crime scene is compared with a DNA sample taken from a suspect.
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What is mitosis used for in the human body? Describe the four steps in mitosis.
Makes new cells for Growth and Repair.
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Name the other type of cell division that isn't mitosis.
Meiosis.
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What does cell "differentiation" mean?
The process by which a cell changes to become specialised for its job.
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Which chromosomes in the human body causes male characteristics?
Y chromosomes.
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List three important conclusions that Mendel reached following his experiments with pea plants.
Characteristics in plants are determined by hereditary units. Hereditary units are passed on by both parents. Hereditary units can be dominant or recessive, if an individual has both dominant and recessive unit for characteristic, dominant is shown.
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The significance of Mendel's work was not realised until 1900, 16 years after Mendel died. Suggest why the imprtance of the work wasn't understood at the time.
Nobody knew anything about genes or DNA, and so significance wasn't realised.
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What is meant by an organism being hetreozygous? What about homozygous?
If an organism has two alleles for a particular gene the same then it's homozygous. If it's two alleles for a particular gene are different, then its homozygous.
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Describe the basic difference between a recessive allele and a dominant one.
Only one dominant allele has to be present for that characteristic to show but for a recessive gene both alleles have to be recessive for it to show.
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What is cystic fibrosis?
A genetic disorder of the cell membranes caused by a recessive allele.
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If both parents carry the recessive allele for cystic fibrosis, what is the probability of their child being a carrier?
50% chance.
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Name the three ways that fossils can form.
From gradual replacement by minerals, From casts and impressions, From preservation in places where no decay happens.
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Give three reasons why some species can become extinct.
The environment cahnges too quickly, a new predator kills them all, a new disease kills them off, can't compete with another species for food, a catastrophic event happens that kills them, new species develops.
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What is speciation?
Speciation is the development of a new species.
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Define a species.
A species is a group of similar organisms that can reproduce to give fertile offspring.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Name three features of a yeast cell.

Back

Cell membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm, nucleus.

Card 3

Front

Where is the genetic material found in a bacterial cell?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Where is the genetic material found in an animal cell?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Name three substances that can diffuse through cell membranes, and two that can't.

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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