Biology unit 1

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What happens if a person has an unbalanced diet?
They can become malnourished
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What is a metabolic rate?
The rate at which chemical reactions take place in cells.
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What is a health problem that can be caused by long term obesity?
Type 2 diabetes
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Why might someone suffer from difficiency disease?
Lack of vitamins and minerals
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As well as the proportion of muscle to fat in the body, what can affect your metabolic rate?
Inherited genes
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How can people change their lifestyle to help lower blood cholesterol levels?
Increase exercise and reduce the amount of staurated fat consumed.
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What does a pathogen cause?
Infectious diseases
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Bacteria and viruses are both...
Microorganisms
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Why do pathogens make you feel ill?
They produce toxins in your body
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What did Semmelweiss do?
Told staff to wash hands between treating patients.
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How do white blood cells defend the body?
Ingest pathogens. Produce antibodies. Produce antitoxins
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Who discovered penicillin and when?
Alexander Fleming in 1928
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Why are viruses hard to kill and treat?
They reproduce inside cells and treatment can damage the cells as well?
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What can a culture of microorganisms be used for?
To find the effect of antibiotics on bacteria?
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What temperature is a growing culture kept at in industry?
35 degrees
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What do you do to keep a culture pure?
Kill baceria on equipment and prevent microorganisms from the air getting to the equipment.
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What is a pandemic?
Diseases that spread across countries.
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Why are antibiotics not given to mild infections?
to slow down the rate of development of resistant strains of bacteria.
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What sort of pathogen is used to make a vaccine?
Dead or innactive
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What does a receptor do?
Detect stimuli
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What is the CNS
Central Nervous System. It contains the brain and the spinal cord.
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What does a sensory neuron do?
Carry impulses from the receptor to the CNS
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How do impulses get across synapses?
Chemicals transmit the impulses across the gap at the junction between two neurons.
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Where is FSH made?
Pituitary gland
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What does LH do?
Stimulates the ovaries to release a mature egg.
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What does the contraceptive pill do?
Prevents the production of FSH
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How does water leave the body?
Breathing, sweating and through urine
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Where is the level of blood sugar controlled?
Pancreas
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Why must our body keep a constant temperature?
Enzymes can become denatured
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When a plant grows toward the light, what is it called?
Phototropism
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Name a plant hormone.
Auxin
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Why is it important to test new drugs?
So that we can be aware of all the possible side effects?
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Why are placebos used?
To test if the drug actually works
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What is thalidomide used for now days?
Treating leprosy
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Why is thalidomide not given to pregnant women?
It can cause limb abnormalities in children.
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What do statins do?
Lower the amount of bad cholesterol in the blood.
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Why are some drugs addictive?
They change the bodies chemistry.
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Name one reason why cannabis can lead to harder drugs?
It has to be brought from dealers, so you can come into contact with other drugs.
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What do steroids do?
Build muscle mass.
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What is an adaptation?
Special features of an organism that help it to survive in a particular environment.
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What is an extremophile?
Microorganisms that are adapted to live in conditions where enzymes would usually denature.
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Why do bigger animals have smaller surface areas compared to their volume?
They can conserve energy more easily.
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How can plants lose water?
Evaporation through stomata
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What do animals compete for?
Water, food, space, mates and breeding sites.
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Give an example of an indicator species
Lichens. Indicate the level of air pollution, especially sulfur dioxide.
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Environmental changes can affect what?
The distribution of organisms
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What is biomass?
The mass of living material in plants and animals
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What do green plants transfer?
Solar energy to chemical energy
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Why is there energy wastage between each stage of a food chain?
Not all the energy taken in by the organism is used for growth.
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Which process in cells releases energy from food material?
Respiration from cells releases energy from food
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What is a detritus feeder?
They start the process of decay by eating the dead organism
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What happens to carbon dioxide during photosynthesis?
It is removed from the air.
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Chromosomes carry what?
Chromosome threads carry genes
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Where are chromosomes found?
Nucleus of a cell
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What does asexual reproduction not involve?
The fusing of gametes
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Why is there variation?
The random mixing of genes.
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What is a clone
An organism that is identically identical to their parent
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how can we clone plants
Tissue cultures or cuttings
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In adult cell cloning, why is the new cell given an electric shock?
So it starts to divide, making an embryo.
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What is genetic engineering?
Changing the genetic makeup of an organism.
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Name a disadvantage of GM crops
They are infertile and need to be purchased each year.
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What was Lamarck's theory called?
Inheritance of acquired characteristics.
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How long ago did life on Earth begin?
3 billion years ago
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Why was Darwin's theory not accepted?
Went against religion and there was not enough evidence.
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What is natural selection?
The best adapted will survive and reproduce, passing on there genes.
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What do evolutionary trees show?
The relationship between different groups of organisms/
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True or False. Genes were discovered 50 years before Darwin's theory of evolution?
FALSE
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is a metabolic rate?

Back

The rate at which chemical reactions take place in cells.

Card 3

Front

What is a health problem that can be caused by long term obesity?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Why might someone suffer from difficiency disease?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

As well as the proportion of muscle to fat in the body, what can affect your metabolic rate?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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