Biology U5 Week 1 0.0 / 5 ? BiologyDNA, genetics and evolutionA2/A-levelOCR Created by: heatherbakerCreated on: 07-03-16 18:47 Gene Length of DNA that codes for a polypeptide 1 of 20 Polypeptide Polymer consisting of a chain of amino acids joined by peptide bonds 2 of 20 Genome Entire DNA sequence of an organism (Humans:3 billion base pairs +) 3 of 20 Histone 5 proteins that organise DNA into proteins- the DNA winds around the histone. 4 of 20 Transcription Creation of a single stranded mRNA copy of DNA coding strand 5 of 20 Translation Assembly of polypeptides at ribosomes 6 of 20 Mutation Change in genetic material of a cell 7 of 20 Mutagen A chemical or physical agent causing a mutation 8 of 20 Point Mutation Alters 1 codon in the sequence. Substitutions 9 of 20 Frame Shift Mutation Alters whole sequence of codons after that mutation. Additions, Deletions 10 of 20 Exon Codes for an amino acid 11 of 20 Intron Doesn't result in an amino acid 12 of 20 Homeobox genes Control development of the body plan of an organism 13 of 20 Hox Cluster An arrangement of homeobox genes 14 of 20 Apoptosis Programmed cell death (usually in development) 15 of 20 Necrosis Untidy, damaging cell death (usually after trauma) 16 of 20 Meiosis Reduction division, resulting in haploid daughter cells 17 of 20 Locus Position of a gene on a chromosome 18 of 20 Crossing Over When lengths of DNA are swapped from one chromatid to another. 19 of 20 Allele A version of a gene. Alleles have a difference in the DNA base sequence expressed as a slightly different polypeptide 20 of 20
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