biology - transport and excretion - Flashcards in IGCSE Biology

what two waste gases do plants produce and what processes produce them?

oxygen = waste product of photosynthesis
carbon dioxide = waste product of respiration

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what is the function of the kidneys?

to regulate the volume and concentration of urine - when a certain volume of urine is in the gall bladder the kidneys passes it through

to remove waste and regulate water content

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describe the general structure of a kidney

- contain a cortex and medulla
- renal artery carries blood to the kidney
- renal vein carried blood away from the kidney
- each kidney contains many nephrons
- ureter carries fluid from the kidneys to the bladder

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give 3 waste products produced in the body

- urea
- carbon dioxide
- excess salt and water

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name 3 excretory organs

lungs - carbon dioxide
kidneys - urine and water
skin - sweat (water)

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state the 4 roles of the kidneys

1. filtration
2. selective reabsorption - nutrients that are required stays in the body and other products will go to the bladder
3. excretion
4. osmoregulation - to keep water concentration the same throughout the body

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what is osmoregulation?

osmoregulation is the process by which animals control solute concentrations and balance water gain and loss

this is essential in the fluid environment in cells, tissues and organs

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what is selective reabsorption?

selective reabsorption is the process whereby certain molecules after being filtered out of the capillaries along with nitrogenous waste products and water in the glomerulus, are reabsorbed from the filtrate as they pass through

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what does the ureter do?

it carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder for excretion

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state 5 main parts of kidney nephron

1. glomerulus
2. proximal convoluted tubule
3. loop of henle
4. distal convoluted tubule
5. collecting duct

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what is the function of nephron in the kidneys?

1. it helps the body get rid of the unwanted components
2. nephrons also control the blood volume, pressure of blood
3. it regulates the level of metabolites and electrolytes
4. nephron helps in the maintenance of blood pH

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what is the difference between the ureter and the urethra?

- the ureter leads from the kidneys to the bladder
- the urethra leads from the bladder out of the body

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state 4 components of glomerular filtrate

1.

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biology - transport and excretion

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