Biology Respiration

?
  • Created by: Amy.23
  • Created on: 25-04-19 13:07
What is respiration?
The process in which food is broken down and the energy is released for use
1 of 39
Where does respiration occur?
In every living cell
2 of 39
What is the most common food particle used in respiration?
Glucose
3 of 39
What is aerobic respiration?
Respiration where oxygen is used up. Glucose +oxygen-> carbon dioxide + water + ENERGY.Equation = summary of complex process. Respiration is a complex series of chemical reactions, each one controlled by a different enzyme.
4 of 39
Answer continued
The chemical energy in glucose is gradually extracted by the reactions of respiration and temporarily stored as adenosine triosulphate (ATP) which releases energy whenever it’s needed in a cell
5 of 39
What is adenosine triosulphate?
A compound that stores energy from respiration and releases it into the cells whenever it’s needed
6 of 39
What is anaerobic respiration?
Respiration when oxygen is not used. Glucose is broken down into lactic acid. Glucose-> lactic acid + ENERGY
7 of 39
When does anaerobic respiration take place?
Anaerobic= without oxygen. Some animals live in anaerobic places or where oxygen levels are low. Humans and other mammals-in certain tissues oxygen levels can get very low eg in muscle tissue during strenuous exercise.
8 of 39
Why is anaerobic respiration less efficient than aerobic respiration?
Because glucose isn’t fully broken down so much less atp is formed for each molecule of glucose used. Because of this animal cells always respire aerobicly whenever possible
9 of 39
What is oxygen debt?
When exercising your breathing can’t supply sufficient oxygen to your muscles leading to anaerobic respiration. This means lactic acid is formed and builds up and causing muscles to ache, there also still a lot of energy locked up ( glucose not fully
10 of 39
Continued
Used up). Oxygen breaks down lactic acid and releases remaining energy. So when you finish exercising you breathe deeper and faster
11 of 39
What is breathing?
The way some animals get the oxygen they need for respiration
12 of 39
Why don’t all animals breathe?
Small animals absorb oxygen through the surface of their body through diffu. Large animals can’t do this because the cells deep inside our bodies would die before oxygen could get to them. Also larger animals are more active so they need more oxygen
13 of 39
What is the function of the respiratory system?
To extract oxygen from the air and get it in the blood whilst removing carbon dioxide, a waste product of respiration
14 of 39
What are the similarities between all larger animals respiratory systems?
Very large surface area- because oxygen enters through the surface of the respiratory organs, so the bigger the surface area the more oxygen can enter. Moist- because oxygen needs to dissolve to get into the bloodstream. Well supplied with blood
15 of 39
Continued
Vessels- because blood is needed to carry the absorbed oxygen away to the tissues
16 of 39
What is the process of respiration in humans?
Air travels into the body through our mouths and noses when we breathe. It then enters the lungs through the trachea, which splits into 2 bronchi. Each broncus splits into a number of smaller tubes, the bronchioles which eventually end in a cluster
17 of 39
Continued
of alveoli. The respiratory system is protected by the ribs and the lungs are inflated and deflated using the intercostal muscles and diaphragm.
18 of 39
What happens during expiration (breathing out)?
The intercostal muscles move the rib cage downward and onwards and the diaphragm moves upwards. This decreases the volume of the thorax and puts pressure on the lungs, pushing out the air.
19 of 39
What happens during inspiration (breathing in)?
The rib cage is moved upwards and outwards and the diaphragm flattens. This increases the volume of the thorax and the lungs expand naturally because they’re elastic. The expansion of the lungs sucks air in through the trachea.
20 of 39
Why does air move in and out of the lungs?
Because of differing pressure of the air inside the lungs and the air outside and gases always move from areas of higher pressure to areas of low pressure. Breathing in= lower inside. Breathing out= higher inside
21 of 39
How are lungs protected from potential infections from microbes in the atmosphere?
In the trachea and bronchi there are cells producing mucus to line the tubes , this traps microbes from the air as it passes through. This is not enough- mucus could sink and still cause infection. The cilia ( small hair like structures) that
22 of 39
Continued
Constantly move, pushing the mucus up to the top of the trachea to be swallowed in the oesophagus
23 of 39
Why do some tubes have cartilage rings?
To support larger tubes- trachea and bronchi. Bronchioles don’t have this because they’re smaller and narrower so don’t need the support
24 of 39
Where does gas exchange occur on the lungs?
Gas exchange occurs in f the alveoli. Oxygen out into blood co2 in to be breathed out.
25 of 39
Why are the alveoli ideal for gas exchange?
Large surface area (average adult- size of tennis courts) they have very thin, moist walls and are surrounded by blood capillaries
26 of 39
How does gas exchange occur? (Oxygen)
Occurs through the alveolus walls by diffusion. Oxygen diffuses from the air to the blood down the concerntraion gradient. The blood carries the oxygen away from the alveolus and the air contents of the alveolus is refreshed with every breath
27 of 39
How does gas exchange occur? Co2
Complete reverse but moves from the blood plasma to he alveolus
28 of 39
What is the composition of the air we breathe in and out?
Inspired air = 21% oxygen 0.04% carbon dioxide 79% nitrogen. Expired air= 16% oxygen 4% carbon dioxide 79% nitrogen also expired is hotter and expired contains more water
29 of 39
How many known carcinogens are there in cigarettes?
43 known carcinogens ( cancer causing chemicals)
30 of 39
What are the effects of tar in smoke on the lungs?
Sticky substance that clogs up the alveoli in the lungs
31 of 39
What substance makes cigarettes addictive?
Nicotine
32 of 39
What does carbon monoxide do to the lungs from smoking?
Makes it more difficult for the red blood cells to carry oxygen
33 of 39
Name 4 other harmful substances in cigarettes
Ammonia, formaldehyde, hydrogen cyanide and arsenic
34 of 39
How common is it for smokers to get lung cancer?
1in 5 heavy smokers die from lung cancer and 1 in 10 moderate smokers get lung cancer. 90% of cases of lung cancer are thought to be caused by smoking
35 of 39
What is emphysema?
Chemicals in smoke damage walls of alveoli, eventually causing them to break down so they can’t be used to exchange gases and the body suffers from low oxygen.
36 of 39
What are some diseases smoking is associated outside of the respiratory system?
Heart disease, stroke and cancers of the mouth, bladder, oesophagus, kidney and pancreas.
37 of 39
What negative effects does smoking have on the cilia?
Chemicals in smoking tobacco paralyse the cilia for 20 minutes, and if you smoke consistantly it can become permanent causing the microbes in the atmosphere being caught in the mucus and harmful substances from tobacco smoke can acces the alveoli
38 of 39
Continued
And cause damage and infection. Smokers then couch a lot to prevent the mucus from sinking but this can also damage the alveoli
39 of 39

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Where does respiration occur?

Back

In every living cell

Card 3

Front

What is the most common food particle used in respiration?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is aerobic respiration?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Answer continued

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Biology resources:

See all Biology resources »See all Respiration and exercise resources »