its where genetic information from two organisms is combined to produce offspring which are genetically different to either parent
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How many chromosomes do normal human body cells have?
46 (diploid)
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How many chromosomes do gametes have?
23 (haploid)
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What is a fertilised egg called?
zygote
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What does a zygote develop into?
embryo
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What is a double helix?
a double stranded spiral
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What is a chromosome?
a long, coiled up molecule of DNA found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
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What is a gene?
a section of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a particular protein
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What does detergent do in the DNA practical?
breaks down the cell membrane to release DNA
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What does the salt do in the DNA practical?
makes DNA stick together
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Each different protein has its own....
particular number and order of amino acids
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Why do amino acids fold up?
to give the protein a different shape and a different function
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What is an amino acid coded by?
a sequence of three bases in a gene called a base triplet
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What is a mutation?
a rare random change to an organisms DNA base sequence that can be inherited
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What is a genetic variant?
a different version of a gene
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What produces a genetic variant?
a mutation in a gene
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How does a genetic variant affect the activity of a protein?
it codes for a different sequence of amino acids which changes the shape of the protein and affects its activity
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Where are proteins made in the cell?
ribosomes
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What is mRNA?
a polymer of nucleotides but its only a single strand and it uses uracil instead of thymine
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What does RNA polymerase do?
joins together RNA nucleotides to make mRNA
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How odes a mutation affect protein synthesis?
mutation can make it easier or harder for RNA polyermase to bind to the DNA, which affects how much mRNA is transcribed and how much protein is produced
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What is your genotype?
the combination of alleles
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What is a monohybrid inheritance?
the inheritance of a single characteristic
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A sperm can have either...
an X or a Y chromosome
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A Y chromosome is...
smaller than te X chromosome and carries less genes
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What does codominant mean?
when the individual has both alleles eg AB
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What are aquired characteristics?
characteristics acquired by an organism in its lifetime
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What is meant by a neutral mutation?
a mutation that doesn't have an effect on the phenotype
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What does the mutation for cystic fibrosis do?
stops the protein that conrols the movement of salt and water in and out of cells from working
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
How many chromosomes do normal human body cells have?
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