What kind of microscope allowed biologists to see and understand more about subcellular structures inside cells?
Electron microscope
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How can you calculate the real size of a microscope image?
Image size divided by magnification
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What determines how much detail a microscope can show?
Resolving power
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What kind of cell contains genetic material enclosed in the nucleus?
Eukaryotic
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What kind of cell does not have a nucleus?
Prokaryotic/Bacteria
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Which cell is smaller? Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic?
Prokaryotic
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What is the function of the nucleus?
Holds DNA
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What is the function of cytoplasm?
Chemical reactions
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What is the function of the cell membrane?
Controls what goes in and out of the cell
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What is the function of mitochondria?
Site of aerobic respiration
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What is the function of ribosomes?
Site of protein synthesis
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What is the function of chloroplasts?
Site of photosynthesis
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What is the function of chlorophyll?
Absorbs sunlight for photosythesis
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What is the vacuole filled with?
Cell sap
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What are plant and algal cell walls made out of?
Cellulose
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Which specialised cell contains lots of mitochondria?
Sperm cell
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Which specialised cell has a long axon?
Nerve cell/Neurone
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Which specialised cells contain protein that slide over each other and store glycogen?
Muscles cells
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Which specialised cells have a large surface area, permanent vacuole and lots of mitochondria for active transport?
Root hair cells
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Which specialised cells have broken down cell walls that form sieve plants and are supported by companion cells?
Phloem cells
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Which specialised cells become lignified and die?
Xylem cells
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Where are chromosomes found?
Nucleus
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What are the 3 stages of the cell cycle?
Genetic material is doubled then divided into 2 identical cells. Growth and production of sub-cellular structures. Mitosis (chromosome pulled to each end of the cell and nucleus divides)
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What is an undifferentiated cell of an organism that can give rise to many more cells of the same type?
Stem cells
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Where do you harvest stem cells from?
Embryos
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Which tissue can develop into any type of plant cell throughout it's life?
Meristem
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What may stem cells be used to help treat?
Diabetes/Paralysis
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Give a disadvantage of using stem cells.
Potential risk such as viral transfer/Ethnic and religious objections
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What is diffusion?
Movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
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What 3 factors affect the rate of diffusion?
Concentration gradient/Temperature/Surface area
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What increases the effectiveness of an exchange surface?
Large surface area/Thin, efficient blood supply being ventilated to maintain the concentration gradient
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What is osmosis?
Diffusion of water from a dilute to a more concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane
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What does active transport require?
Energy
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
How can you calculate the real size of a microscope image?
Back
Image size divided by magnification
Card 3
Front
What determines how much detail a microscope can show?
Back
Card 4
Front
What kind of cell contains genetic material enclosed in the nucleus?
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