biology on from the alveoli

?
what are the biological consequences of smoking
causes lung cancer
1 of 41
describe an experiment to find out the effect on exercise on humans(IV=independant variable/DV=dependant variable/CVcontrol variable/
you measure the breaths of 4 different people before and after exercise1IVmethod of going up the stairs2DVnumber of breaths per minute3CVsame age/gender same amount of time 3 repeats
2 of 41
why can simple unicellular organisms rely on diffusion for movement of substances in and out of the cell
because the distance to diffuse is so short unlike with humans
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why is there a need for a transport system in multicellular organisms
because the distance to diffuse is too large so they have to take it the centre of their body
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what is the role of the xylem in transport
1 it absorbs from the soil through root hair cells 2 it transports through the xylem vessels up the stem to the leaves 3 the water and mineral salts will then evaporate from the leaves (transpiration)
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how does the root hair cell absorb water
water is absorbed via osmosis (from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration through a partially permeable membrane)
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what is transpiration
the evaporation of water from the surface of a leaf
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describe and explain how transpiration effected by changes in humidity
transpiration is slower in humid conditions. Diffusion of water vapour out of the leaf slows down if the leaf is surrounded by moist air
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describe and explain how transpiration is affected by changes in wind speed
transpiration is faster in windy conditions. Water vapour is removed quickly by air movement, speed up diffusion of more water vapour out of the leaf
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describe and explain how transpirations is affected by changes in temperature
transpirations is faster in higher temperatures. Evaporation and diffusion are faster at higher temperatures
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describe and explain how transpiration is affected by changes in light intensity
in bright light transpiration increases. The stomata (openings in the leaf) open wider to allow more carbon dioxide into the leaf for photosynthesis
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describe an experiment to investigate the role of environmental factors in determining the rate of transpiration
by using a potometer you would see bubbles of air moving up the tube into the plant and you would measure the speed of this as it gets brought into the plant you would then change the environment
12 of 41
describe a red blood cell
transports O2, Biconcave disc,Haemoglobin+oxygen goes to oxyhaemoglobin and has no nucleus
13 of 41
describe a white blood cell(lymphocyte)
produces antibodies in response to foreign antigens(on the germ) . show diagram that mrs coe made stick paper over this
14 of 41
describe a white blood cell(phagocyte)
engulfs microorganism and destroys them picture that mrs coe drew
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describe platlets
fragments of old cells used in blood clotting
16 of 41
describe plasma
plasma =CO2, urea and glucose
17 of 41
how does plasma help transport things e.g. CO2 digested food urea hormones and heat energy
plasma transports hormones, nutrients such as water glucose, amino acids, minerals and vitamins also waste substances such as CO2 and urea as well as heat energy
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explain the adaptions of the red blood cell
red blood cells have very thin membranes for easy diffusion/the biconcave shaper gives it a large surface area compared to the volume the prescense of the haemoglobin allows oxygen to combine with it to allow easier transport
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label this picture of the heart
pic with full labels
20 of 41
how does the heart function
its part ofthe circulatory system there is 2 parts so its more efficient one will go to the lungs from the pulmonary artery and the atria receives the blood to pump back out to the rest of the body via the aorta then back through the pulmonary artery
21 of 41
describe the structure of the arteries and explain their job
arteries carry blood away from the heart. because of this arteries have to withstand high amounts of pressure so they have thick elastic walls to withstand the pressure
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describe the structure of the veins and explain their job
veins carry blood towards the heart. veins have thinner walls because they do not have to deal with the pressure of the arteries because there is not enough pressure there is one way valves that prevent backflow e.g leg to heart agains gravity
23 of 41
describe the structure of the capillaries and explain their job
capillaries are very thin with walls one cell thick which means that it is easy for substances to diffuse through their walls e.g. glucose, oxygen, water and carbon dioxide can go between the blood and the tissues
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label the picture of the circulatory system
pic of circulatory system
25 of 41
what is oxygen a waste product of
photosynthesis
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what is carbon dioxide a waste product of
aerobic respiration
27 of 41
what do the lungs, kidneys and skin do
excrete
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how does the kidney carry out its roles of excretion and osmoregulation
pic of kidney nephron
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where is water reabsorbed after the bowmans capsule in the kidney
loop of henlé
30 of 41
where does selective reabsorption of glucose occur
it occurs at the proximal convoluted tubule
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what does ADH do
anti diretic hormone reduces the amount of water in urine
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what does urine contain
water , urea and salts
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what is homeostasis
homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant internal environment
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what are examples of homeostasis
body water content and body temperature
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what must a coordinated response require and list examples
a stimulus e.g. touching a hot pan a receptor e.g. skin sensing the heat a effector e.g. muscles contracting to remove the hand
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what is geotropism
growth in response to the direction of gravity
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what is phototropism
growth in response to the direction of light
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what does phototropism mean
stem tip grows toward the light and negative is the opposite
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what does negative geotropism mean
steam tip grows away from gravity and positive means towards gravity
40 of 41
describe the function of the eye as a receptor
it will receive light and sense if it is bright or see a danger and blink
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Card 2

Front

describe an experiment to find out the effect on exercise on humans(IV=independant variable/DV=dependant variable/CVcontrol variable/

Back

you measure the breaths of 4 different people before and after exercise1IVmethod of going up the stairs2DVnumber of breaths per minute3CVsame age/gender same amount of time 3 repeats

Card 3

Front

why can simple unicellular organisms rely on diffusion for movement of substances in and out of the cell

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

why is there a need for a transport system in multicellular organisms

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

what is the role of the xylem in transport

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Preview of the front of card 5
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