Biology Mock Year 10

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  • Created by: miakarsi
  • Created on: 25-06-17 14:20
what is a hormone?
a hormone is a chemical substance produced by a gland and carried round the body in the blood
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list key endocrine glands...
pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, adrenal glands, ovaries and testes
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what is the role of the pituitary gland?
it is the master gland in the brain. controls growth and stimulates thyroid gland, ovaries and testes
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what is the role of the thyroid gland?
controls the metabolic rate of the body
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what is the role of the pancreas?
controls the levels of glucose in the blood
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compare hormones to the nervous system...
the effects of hormones are often slower but longer lasting
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what controls your blood glucose concentration?
the pancreas
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what does the pancreas produce?
hormone insulin, this allows glucose to move from the blood into the cells AND glucagon
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what does glucagon do?
allows glycogen to be converted back into glucose and be released into the blood
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what happens with type1 diabetes?
the pancreas does not secrete enough insulin so blood glucose may rise to fatally high levels
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what happens with type2 diabetes?
the body stops responding to its own insulin
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how is type1 diabetes controlled?
injecting insulin to replace the hormones that are not made by the body
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how is type two diabetes controlled?
a carbohydrate controlled diet and taking more exercise
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what type of reaction is photosynthesis?
endothermic
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what is the equation for photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide + water >(light)> glucose + oxygen
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how are leaves adapted for photosynthesis?
big surface areas for light absorption, thin so diffusion for gases is short, contain chlorophyll in the chloroplasts to absorb light
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what are the limiting factors of photosynthesis?
light, temperature, carbon dioxide concentration, chlorophyll levels in the leaf
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what type of reaction is aerobic respiration?
exothermic
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what is the equation for aerobic respiration?
glucose + oxygen >> carbon dioxide + water (energy transferred to the environment)
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Define metabolism
Metabolism is the sum of all the reactions that take place in a cell or a body
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What is a receptor?
Groups of specialised cells that detect changes in the environment (stimulus) and produce electrical impulses in response
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What is the CNS made up of?
The Central Nervous System is made up of the brain and the spinal cord
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List neurones...
Sensory neurone, motor neurones and connecting these is the relay neurones
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why are reflex impulses important?
They are automatic and rapid they do not involve the conscious pats of the brain
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what does the cerebral cortex do?
controls consciousness, intelligence, memory and language
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what does the medulla do?
controls unconscious activities (heartbeat, movement of food through the gut and breathing)
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what does the cerebellum do?
coordinates muscular activity and balance
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what does the hypothalamus do?
controls body temperature
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What are coordination centres?
areas that receive and process the information from the receptors
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what are effectors?
muscles or glands that bring about responses to the stimulus that has been received
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Sum up the nervous system >>
stimulus>receptor>coordinator(CNS)>effector
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Sum up the reflex pathway>>
stimulus>receptor>sensory neurone>relay neurone>motor neurone> effector>response
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What do reflex actions control everyday?
breathing and digestion, and help you to avoid danger
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What is the function of the cornea?
Refracts light - bends as it enters the eye
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What is the function of the iris?
Controls how much light enters the pupil
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What is the function of the lens?
Focuses light onto the retina
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What is the function of the retina?
Contains the light receptors
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What is the function of the optic nerve?
Carries impulses between the eye and the brain
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What are the two main light receptors?
Rods and Cones
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Where do the rods work best?
Dim light
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Where do the cones work best?
Bright light
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What happens to the pupil in dim light?
It dilates, the radical muscles of the iris contract and the circular muscles of the iris relax
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What happens to the pupil in bright light?
It contracts, the radical muscles of the iris relax and the circular muscles of the iris contract
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What is a synapse?
The connection between two neurones
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What is a neurone?
Basic cells of the nervous system that carry electrical impulses around the body
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Exothermic reaction
Transfer energy to the surroundings
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Endothermic reaction
Take in energy from their surroundings
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What is respiration?
Process of transferring energy from glucose, which goes on in every cell
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List three factors why a plant won't photosynthesise
- at night, light is a limiting factor - winter (the temperature - chlorophyll (amount of chlorophyll in a plant can be affected by disease.
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Why do all organisms respire?
To get energy from glucose
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How is information passed along the neurons?
The nerve signal is transferred by chemicals which diffuse across the synapse
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Oxygen debt
The amount of oxygen consumed during recovery above that which would normally be consumed during rest
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When working anaerobically you create....
Oxygen Debt
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What do plants use glucose for?
Respiration and some is converted into insoluble starch for storage
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Card 2

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list key endocrine glands...

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Card 3

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what is the role of the pituitary gland?

Back

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Card 4

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what is the role of the thyroid gland?

Back

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Card 5

Front

what is the role of the pancreas?

Back

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