Biology - Inheritance and DNA 0.0 / 5 ? BiologyDNA and inheritanceGCSEEdexcel Created by: NeresdaynCreated on: 19-06-19 08:48 Inheritance Physical or mental characteristics passed on from parents. 1 of 22 Gametes Sex cells (sperm and egg) 2 of 22 Chromosomes Long, coiled molecules of DNA 3 of 22 DNA Chemical that contains genetic material 4 of 22 Gene A small section of DNA that codes for a protein (amino acid sequence) 5 of 22 Proteins Made from amino acids 6 of 22 Recessive Two copies of a recessive allele is needed for the characteristic to be seen. Recessive alleles are represented with two lower case letters (bb) 7 of 22 Dominant One copy of the dominant allele is needed for the characteristic to be seen. Dominant alleles are shown by capital letters (BB, Bb) 8 of 22 Genome The entire set of genetic material in an organism 9 of 22 Nucleotide Made from sugar, a phosphate and a base - DNA is formed through repeated units of nucleotides 10 of 22 mRNA A copy of the DNA that leaves the nucleus and goes to the ribosomes for protein production 11 of 22 Ribosomes Where proteins are made 12 of 22 Mutations Change in the sequence of DNA (Insertions, deletions, substitutins) 13 of 22 Phenotype The characteristic (Brown eyes is a phenotype) 14 of 22 Genotype The two alleles you have for a characteristic (eg Bb for brown eyes, BB for blue eyes) 15 of 22 Heterozygous The dominant and recessive allele are present (Bb) 16 of 22 Homozygous Both alleles are the same (BB/bb) 17 of 22 Meiosis The type of cell division that produces the gametes (sperm and egg cells) 18 of 22 Sexual Reproduction Genetic information from 2 parents - Genetically different offspring 19 of 22 Asexual Reproduction Genetic information from 1 parent - Genetically identical offspring 20 of 22 Mitosis Cell division that produces two genetically identical daughter cells from one parent (clone cells) 21 of 22 Alleles Different versions of the same gene - eye colour gene could have brown, green, blue alleles 22 of 22
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