A base sequence of DNA that codes for making polypeptides and functional RNA
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What is the name of where the DNA is located at a particular position?
Locus
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What are the FOUR bases present in DNA?
Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine and Thymine
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What are the coding sequences called for amino acids?
Exons
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What is it called when there is a non-coding sequence for amino acids?
Introns
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What are DNA molecules like in Prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria?
Shorter, form a circle, NOT associated with proteins and do NOT have chromosomes
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What are DNA molecules like in Eukaryotic cells?
Longer, form a linear, associated with proteins called HISTONES to form chromosomes
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Describe the structure of a chromosome?
Chromosomes appear - TWO threads called Chromatids, DNA is held by Histones, DNA - histones complex coiled, coils then form into loops, these loops then coil and pack together to form a chromosome
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What is an allele?
Is an alternative form of a gene
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What is meant by a homologous chromosome?
Two chromosomes that carry the SAME genes
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State the function of the protein found in chromosomes?
It fixes the DNA into position
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How is coded information on the DNA in the nucleus transferred to the cytoplasm where it is translated into proteins?
Sections of the DNA code are transcribed onto a single-stranded molecule called RNA
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Describe the structure and role of mRNA?
mRNA is SHORT = able to leave nuclear pores and to cytoplasm. Coded information that it contains then determines sequence of amino acids
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What does the term 'codon' refer to?
Sequence of three bases on mRNA that codes for a single amino acid
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What does the term 'genome' mean?
The complete set of genes within a cell
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What does the term 'proteome' mean?
The full range of proteins produced by the genome
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Describe the structure of RNA?
Polymer, forms a SINGLE strand in which each nucleotide is made up of; Pentose sugar ribose, ONE organic base and a phosphate group
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What does the term 'anti-codon' refer to?
Is the triplet of bases on a tRNA molecule that is complementary to a codon
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What is the process of transcription?
Process of making pre-mRNA using parts of the DNA as a template
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Describe gene mutations?
Any change to one or more base, or a change in the sequence of the bases
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Describe what chromosome mutations are?
Changes in the structure or number of whole chromosomes
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What is mitosis?
Produces two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes
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What is meiosis?
Produces four daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cells
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is the name of where the DNA is located at a particular position?
Back
Locus
Card 3
Front
What are the FOUR bases present in DNA?
Back
Card 4
Front
What are the coding sequences called for amino acids?
Back
Card 5
Front
What is it called when there is a non-coding sequence for amino acids?
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