Biology GCSE

?
What is Health?
A state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing.
1 of 56
What is meant by Physical Wellbeing
Eating, sleeping, free from disease, free from substance abuse.
2 of 56
What is meant by Social Wellbeing
How well you get on with other people.
3 of 56
What is meant by Mental Wellbeing
How you feel about yourself.
4 of 56
What is a microorganism which causes disease called?
Pathogen.
5 of 56
What is a communicable disease?
A communicable disease is one which is caused by pathogens and can be passed from person to person.
6 of 56
What is a non-communicable disease?
A non-communicable disease is one which is not passed from person to person.
7 of 56
What factors affect the risk of developing a non-What communicable disease?
Genes, Age, Sex, Environment, Lifestyle.
8 of 56
What are four different types of pathogens?
Bacterium, Virus, Fungi, Protists
9 of 56
What is Bacterium?
Bacterium releases toxins that make us feel ill
10 of 56
What is a Virus?
Viruses take over DNA cells to make toxins or cause damage.
11 of 56
What is fungi?
Fungi are eukaryotic organisms
12 of 56
What is protists?
Protists are eukaryotic organisms many are free living but some are pathogens.
13 of 56
What infections do Bacterium cause? What are the symptoms?
Cholera (Diarrhoea in large amounts, watery) + TB (Blood speckled mucus, Weight loss, Fever and chills) + Stomach Ulcers (inflamed and painful stomach, bleeding in stomach)
14 of 56
What infection do Protists cause? What are the Symptoms?
Malaria (Fever, weakness, chills)
15 of 56
What infections do Viruses cause? What are the Symptoms?
HIV (Mild flu symptoms, repeated infection due to low immune system) + Ebola (Haemorrhagic fever, headache, muscle pain, vomiting, diarrhoea)
16 of 56
What infections do Fungus cause? What are the Symptoms?
Chalara (Leaf loss, bark damage, dieback of top of tree)
17 of 56
How is Cholera spread? How might we prevent it?
Cholera is spread through contaminated water through the fatal aural route. Good sanitation is a way of preventing this infection.
18 of 56
How is Tuberculosis spread? How might we prevent it?
TB is spread through contaminated water/ coughing, sneezing. A way of preventing it is to be in good health as it is very difficult to get infected with a good immune system. As well as good personal hygiene.
19 of 56
How is Chalara ash dieback spread? How might we prevent it?
Chalara ash dieback is spread through the air in wind. Very difficult to prevent, close monitoring of trees which are infected cutting down and burning.
20 of 56
How is Malaria spread? How might we prevent it?
Malaria is spread through mosquito's (VECTORS). We can prevent malaria by controlling the spread of vectors, Also using mosquito nets and having vaccines.
21 of 56
How is Stomach Ulcers spread? How might we prevent it?
Stomach Ulcers are spread through fetal aural route. We can prevent this by good personal hygiene.
22 of 56
How is Ebola spread? How can we prevent it?
Ebola is spread very easily though coughing sneezing broken skin. We can prevent this by wearing a full body suit as protection.
23 of 56
How is HIV spread? How can we prevent it?
HIV is spread through contact with and infected person. We can prevent this by using a condom and regular blood screenings.
24 of 56
What is Obesity?
Large amounts of fat under the skin.
25 of 56
What causes Cardiovascular Disease?
Too much fat as it can affect the functioning of the heart.
26 of 56
What is the most dangerous type of fat?
Cholesterol.
27 of 56
How do you measure BMI?
Weight (kg) / height2 (m)
28 of 56
What are methods of measuring Body Fat?
BMI, Waist to hip ratio.
29 of 56
How can cardiovascular disease be treated?
Lifestyle changes, Medication and Surgery.
30 of 56
What are the forms of medication used for Cardiovascular treatment?
Statins (reduce cholesterol) Asprin (Prevents clots) Warfarin
31 of 56
What are the pro's and cons of lifestyle changes for cardiovascular disease?
Pro: No side effects, reduces chances of other health conditions, cheaper option. Con: May take time to work effectively or not work at all.
32 of 56
What are the pro's and cons to medication for cardiovascular disease?
Pro: Start working immediately (lowering blood pressure), easy to use, cheaper and less risky than surgery. Con: usually need to be taken long term, can have side effects, might not work well with other medication.
33 of 56
What are the pro's and cons to surgery for cardiovascular disease?
Pro: Long term solution, Con: Risk of non recovery, expensive, more difficult that medication, risk of infection.
34 of 56
What is a physical barrier of infection? Give examples
Something which blocks the entry of a pathogen. Skin, Cilla, Mucus
35 of 56
What is a chemical barrier infections? Give examples
Something which kills the pathogen. Lysozme, Hydrocholic Acid.
36 of 56
How does Lysozme prevent infection?
Breaks down the cell walls of pathogens in order to kill them
37 of 56
How does the skin prevent infection?
Acts as a protective barrier against pathogens.
38 of 56
How does cilla prevent infection?
Moves mucus away from the lungs either out of the body or to the throat to be swallowed.
39 of 56
How does hydrochloric acid prevent infection?
Creates and acidic environment in the stomach in which most pathogens won't survive.
40 of 56
How does mucus prevent infection?
sticky substance in which dust and pathogens get stuck in.
41 of 56
What barriers does the reproductive tract have to prevent infection?
Lysozme, Friendly bacteria creating a acidic environment deterring pathogens, Mucus.
42 of 56
How do STI's spread?
Unprotected sex, Pregnant women can pass chlamydia to child, HIV needles,
43 of 56
How can we reduce/ prevent STI's?
Condoms, Blood screenings, Antibiotics (Chlamydia), Sterile needles (HIV).
44 of 56
How does the immune system work?
1. each pathogen has a unique antigen on its surface. 2. Then a white blood cell comes along with a receptor that matches. Then the receptor turns into an anti-body in which it attaches to the pathogen to attack it.
45 of 56
What is a Lymphocyte?
Type of white blood cell.
46 of 56
What is secondary response?
This is where the memory cells are already in place to attack a pathogen therefore manage to attack it quicker than the first time.
47 of 56
What is Immunisation?
This is when you give a person a vaccine to prevent them becoming ill from a disease.
48 of 56
How do vaccines work?
The vaccine contained antigens from a pathogen which are weak or dead. The process of creating lymphocytes/antibodys begins against the antigens. they also create memory lymphocytes. If the person becomes infected it will immediately give a secondary
49 of 56
What are the advantages of immunisation?
Immunity without being ill. Lasts a long time. Herd Immunity.
50 of 56
What are the disadvantages of immunisation?
Some people get a mild reaction of the disease. Very rarely a person may have a major harmful reaction.
51 of 56
What is Herd Immunity?
Herd Immunity is where a community has had the vaccine so therefore someone who hasn't had the vaccine for whatever reason is less likely to catch the disease.
52 of 56
What are the physical barriers of a plant?
Thick waxy cuticles. spikes and thrones. Cellulose cell walls.
53 of 56
What are the chemical defences of a plant?
Poisons and chemicals to kill pathogens.
54 of 56
What defence chemicals can be used as medicines? How are they used?
Quinine, Cinchona tree, treat human disease. Digoxin, Foxglove, to treat human disease. Asprin, Willow tree, relieve symptoms.
55 of 56
What are the common features of a human cell?
Cell Membrane, Nucleus, Mitochondria, Ribosomes, Cytoplasm
56 of 56

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is meant by Physical Wellbeing

Back

Eating, sleeping, free from disease, free from substance abuse.

Card 3

Front

What is meant by Social Wellbeing

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is meant by Mental Wellbeing

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is a microorganism which causes disease called?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Biology resources:

See all Biology resources »See all Healthy living resources »